Background/Aim: RAB27A and RAB27B are involved in exosome secretion. To date, there have been many attempts to elucidate the roles of RAB27A and RAB27B in the prognosis of various cancer types. The association of RAB27A and RAB27B expression with the clinical and pathological features was evaluated in patients with stomach cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 360 patients who had undergone surgery for stomach cancer between January 1999 and December 2007 at Gyeongsang National University were enrolled in the study. Disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were compared according to immunohistochemistry of tumor samples. RAB27A and RAB27B mRNA and protein were also extracted from four stomach cancer cell lines using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results: Strong nuclear RAB27A expression in tumor samples was statistically significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. Cytoplasmic RAB27B expression was related to poor disease-free survival and its combined cytoplasmic and membranous expression was related to disease-specific survival of patients with different histopathological types of stomach cancer. High RAB27A expression and high RAB27B expression was found in four stomach cancer cell blocks. Among the four cell lines, NCI-N87 exhibited the lowest relative mRNA density and HS746T exhibited the highest relative protein density for both RAB27A and RAB27B. Conclusion: RAB27A and RAB27B expression may help predict lymph node metastasis and survival of patients with gastric cancer.

No abstract

Background/Aim: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of gastric carcinoma with high excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1) expression and the prognostic value of ERCC1 expression. Materials and Methods: ERCC1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 309 surgically resected gastric carcinoma specimens using a tissue microarray. Cancerrelated survival was analysed using competing risk analysis. Results: Compared to ERCC1-low gastric carcinomas, ERCC1-high gastric carcinomas showed less local invasion (p=0.0013), lower N stage (p=0.0302), earlier pTNM stage (p=0.0003), and less frequent recurrence (p=0002). Patients with ERCC1-high gastric carcinoma showed lower cumulative incidence function estimate of cancer-related death [3.37;] than did those with ERCC1-low gastric carcinoma (17.12;. Adjusted proportional sub-distribution hazard ratio for cancer-related death in the patients with ERCC1-high tumour was 0.272 (95% CI=0. 084-0.878; p=0.0295). Conclusion: High ERCC1 expression may be an independent positive prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma.

Background/Aim: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) expression levels in many tumors and their correlation with prognosis have been actively studied. However, studies on PD-1 expression and its prognostic value in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are limited and controversial. In this study, we describe the expression of PD-1 and its prognostic significance and association with clinical features in patients with ccRCC. Materials and Methods: We obtained clinicopathological data from 166 patients with ccRCC who were treated

Background/Aim: The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a major histocompatibility class I-like molecule responsible for the transfer of passive humoral immunity from a mother to her newborn. Recent research revealed that FcRn is involved in antigen-presentation, humoral immunity and antitumor immunity of various types of cancer, such as lung, colon and breast. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancerrelated death and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer. NSCLC is a highly heterogeneous disease and this affects the prognosis. Therefore, many studies have tried to identify factors that are associated with prognosis. The lungs are a major organ expressing FcRn. We aimed to evaluate FcRn expression in surgical specimens of NSCLC and determine its correlation with patient prognosis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 140 NSCLC surgical specimens for FcRn expression using immunohistochemistry and correlated positivity with clinicopathology and survival of these patients. A chi-squared test and Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank tests were performed for statistical evaluation. Results: The FcRnpositive group had a significantly higher disease-free survival and a tendency towards increased disease-specific survival in patients with tumor-node-metastasis stage I NSCLC. Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis that FcRn down-regulation is associated with NSCLC progression.Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in both men and women. Approximately onequarter of all cancer-related deaths are due to lung cancer. More than half of all patients with lung cancer are diagnosed with metastatic disease, and the 5-year survival rate is 8% (1).Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases. The most common risk factor for NSCLC is tobacco smoke inhalation. Other causes of lung cancer include alcohol use, and exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, asbestos, arsenic, nickel and ionizing radiation. Longterm and cumulative exposure to air pollution has also been identified as a risk factor for lung cancer (2, 3), with fine particulate matter (with a diameter of 2.5 μmm or less) inducing motility and proliferation of NSCLC cells (4).Biomarkers that can indicate disease prognosis and patient survival are necessary for the effective management of lung cancer (5, 6). Currently, most patients with stage I NSCLC do not receive adjuvant systemic treatment after local therapy as numerous studies have reported that chemotherapy is associated with toxic effects (7-10). Recently, advances in molecular markers of lung cancer have progressed significantly, and molecular markers have been used in targeted therapies, leading to a decline in mortality rates. Tests for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements are becoming the standard for personalized therapies in patients with advanced NSCLC. Treatments targeted at programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor (PD1) have improved survival in patients...