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The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationship between values of gender role, depression, and work-parenting conflicts of fathers. Methods: Data from 1,273 fathers were used among 7th (2014) and 8th year (2015) of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 25.0, Amos 22.0 program. Results: Results showed that values of gender role had a direct effect on work-parenting conflicts of fathers. The values of gender role also directly influenced depression of fathers. Results clarified that traditional gender role beliefs give rise to depression and ultimately work-family conflicts of fathers. Conclusion: Depression was found to mediate the relationship between values of gender role and work-parenting conflicts. Therefore, to reduce work-parenting conflicts of fathers, it is necessary to educate them on social perceptions and systems that lower depression from traditional gender role norms. Implications of the present findings and follow-up studies were discussed in relation to workparenting conflicts of fathers.