This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of yogurt fermented at low temperature and the anti-inflammatory effect it has on induced colitis with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in Balb/c mice. Yogurt premix were fermented with a commercial starter culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus at different temperatures: 22°C (low fermentation temperature) for 27 h and 37°C (general fermentation temperature) for 12 h. To measure antioxidant activity of yogurt samples, DPPH, ABTS+ and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays were conducted. For animal experiments, inflammation was induced with 2.5% DSS in Balb/c mice. Yogurt fermented at low temperature showed higher antioxidant activity than that of the yogurt fermented at general temperature. In the inflammatory study, IL-6 (interleukin 6) was decreased and IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly in DSS group with yogurt fermented at general temperature (DYG) and that with yogurt fermented at low temperature (DYL) compared to that in DSS-induced colitic mice (DC), especially DYL had higher concentration of cytokines IL-4, and IL-10 than DYG. MPO (myeloperoxidase) tended to decrease more in treatments with yogurt than DC. Additionally, yogurt fermented at low temperature had anti-inflammatory activity, although there was no significant difference with general temperature-fermented yogurt (p>0.05).

Aim:Methodology: Results:Interpretation: Key words:The growth of H. pluvialis by various extraction methods and was studied its growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidative ability under visible light and varying pH was compared.This study compared the growth of H. pluvialis under four different LED lights and three pH values, and demonstrated the astaxanthin content and antioxidant effects of them. The supercritical fluid chromatography and solvent extraction were conducted to compare the astaxanthin contents.The highest growth rate was observed under green LED light at all pH condition (6, 8, 10). Under 2 green LED, the correlation (R ) between cell counts and chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoid was 0.9581, 0.7652 and 0.9095, respectively. The solvent extraction of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis was 137% higher than that of solid extract injection method using Super Fluid Chromatography.This study will contribute in establishing the culture conditions to enhance the biomass and astaxanthin from H. pluvialis.