An optical scheme using two correlationless beams to suppress the speckle of the pico-projection system is proposed. By using two broadband beam splitters (BBS) and two high reflection mirrors, the originally incident laser beam is split into two beams. The mutual correlation coefficient between two split beams is very close to zero. We use the haze reflection based on the random scattering model to simulate light reflected from the rough surface. In simulations, light is respectively reflected from the same size flat and rough surfaces and both recorded images are compared with each other. The image from flat surface is very clear on the detector plane. On the contrary, the image from rough surface is very fuzzy and the edge is hard to figure out. The simulations show that the speckle contrast ratio (CR) is reduced from 1.0 to 0.707. We find out a solution of the speckleCRless than 0.71 when the distance between two BBSs is 2.4 mm and the thickness of each BBS is 0.4 mm. Finally, we carry out an experiment and verify the simulating results. By our analysis from the experimental data, the speckleCRcan be reduced about 25% which is close to the theoretical value of 29.3%.

A program based on the SOR method have been setup for calculating the electrostatic potential inside the electron optical system (EOS). This method can deal with large domain calculation more efficiently than by using the finite difference or finite element methods. Since the MEBDW system is composed of an array of EOSs, periodic boundary conditions in the x and y directions are applied. A case of EOS is demonstrated in this paper.

The human cornea comprises many tissues and structures [1], which can be divided into epithelium, anterior elastic lamina, stroma, descemets membrane and endothelium of the anterior chamber from the outside to the inside.

In recent decades, plasmonic devices are widely interested because of the capability of subwavelength confinement. The plasmon phenomena is generated by oscillation of free charges in optical frequency. Hence, the metallic component is general used in plasmonic device. Metal provides large amount of free charges and the negative real part of permittivity, which is the essential property of plasmonic material. However, the loss of metal is critical issue of the devices, which occur from the interband transition in visible and ultra-violet range. Thence, the engineering of permittivity is the important topic for plasmonic devices.