Photogrammetry as an engineering measurement technology for the rapid and non-contact acquisition of geometric parameters, such as the attitude, position, and shape of a measured object, is widely used in the development and production processes of the aerospace and automobile industries. The calibration of a corresponding photogrammetry system is the basis for ensuring the accuracy of photogrammetry. The dynamic and static calibration of existing photogrammetry systems has not yet established a system calibration specification or standard, and such calibration has mainly focused on the internal and external parameters of the camera used in a photogrammetry system. The calibration of static parameters cannot fully guarantee the dynamic performance of a photogrammetry system in the process of measuring dynamic targets or micro-deformations. Aiming at the problem of dynamic parameter calibration of photogrammetry systems, this paper proposes a dynamic calibration method based on a circular trajectory standard device, which can realize the calibration of parameters, such as dynamic length measurement error, and ensure an accurate evaluation of the dynamic measurement performance of photogrammetry systems.

The calibrator is one of the most important factors in the calibration of various laser 3D scanning instruments. The requirements for the diffuse reflection surface are emphasized in many national standards. In this study, spherical calibrator and plane calibrator comparative measurement experiments were carried out. The black ceramic standard sphere, white ceramic standard sphere, metal standard sphere, metal standard plane, and white ceramic standard plane were used to test the laser 3D scanner. In the spherical calibrator comparative measurement experiments, the results indicate that the RMS of the white ceramic spherical calibrator with a reflectance of approximately 60% is 10 times that of the metal spherical calibrator with the reflectance of approximately 15%, and the RMS of the black ceramic spherical calibrator with reflectance of approximately 11% is of the same order as the metal spherical calibrator. In the plane calibrators comparative measurement experiments, the RMS of the flatness measurement is 0.077 mm for the metal plane calibrator with a reflectance of 15%, and 2.915 mm for ceramic plane calibrator with a reflectance of 60%. The results show that when the optimal measurement distance and incident angle are selected, the reflectance of the calibrator has a great effect on the measurement results, regardless of the outlines or profiles. Based on the experiments, it is recommended to use the spherical calibrator or the standard plane with a reflectance of around 18% as the standard, which can obtain reasonable results. In addition, it is necessary to clearly provide the material category and surface reflectance information of the standard when calibrating the scanner according to the measurement standard.