Motivated by the unique catalytic activity of Cu/ZSM-5 in the decomposition of NO to N 2 + O 2 , the redox chemistry of Cu in zeolite ZSM-5 has been studied using FTIR, TPR, EPR, and EXAFS. Isolated ions, Cu 2+ , oxocations, [Cu-O-Cu] 2+ , and oxide particles have been identified. Their relative abundances depend on the overall Cu loading, the pH during ion exchange, and the gas atmosphere. Oxocations are only detected at Cu exchange levels exceeding 40%; their concentration is higher in high-pH preparations favoring hydrolysis. Oxocations are reduced by CO and NO at room temperature; they act as catalytic sites for the disproportionation of NO into N 2 O + NO 2 . CuO particles are detected in all samples; at elevated temperature they decompose in He to Cu 2 O. In FTIR Cu + is detected using CO or NO as a probe. Flowing H 2 reduces Cu 2+ ions; the first detectable product is Cu + because Cu 0 is thermodynamically unstable in the presence of Cu 2+ . After all Cu 2+ is used up Cu 0 is detected. In CO only oxide particles and oxocations are reduced, but when Cu 2+ ions are present, they react with Cu 0 to form Cu + ions. Zeolite protons oxidize Cu 0 to Cu + ; this process is accelerated by CO, which forms a stable Cu + -CO complex. Protons also react with CuO to Cu 2+ + H 2 O.

Ruthenium-based pyrochlore oxides (A2Ru2O7) have emerged recently as state-of-the-art catalysts for acidic water oxidation, however, the stability still needs to be further improved. Exploring the relationship between the A-site cation...

Perovskite oxides have been established as a promising kind of catalyst for alkaline oxygen evolution reactions (OER), because of their regulated non-precious metal components. However, the surface lattice is amorphous during the reaction, which gradually decreases the intrinsic activity and stability of catalysts. Herein, the precisely control tungsten atoms substituted perovskite oxides (Pr0.5Ba0.5Co1-xWxO3-δ) nanowires were developed by electrostatic spinning. The activity and Tafel slope were both dependent on the W content in a volcano-like fashion, and the optimized Pr0.5Ba0.5Co0.8W0.2O3-δ exhibits both excellent activity and superior stability compared with other reported perovskite oxides. Due to the outermost vacant orbitals of W6+, the electronic structure of cobalt sites could be efficiently optimized. Meanwhile, the stronger W-O bond could also significantly improve the stability of latticed oxide atoms to impede the generation of surface amorphous layers, which shows good application value in alkaline water splitting.

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