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The magnetic phase transition, magnetic and magnetocaloric effect of DyCo 2Àx Cr x (x ¼ 0.0-0.2) compounds have been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that the main phases of DyCo 2Àx Cr x compounds are MgCu 2 -type cubic crystal structure, and the maximum atomic concentration of Cr in DyCo 2 is 5%. With the x changed from 0.0 to 0.2, both of the lattice parameter and cell volume increased, and the coercivity at 10 K increased from 890 to 2839 Oe. With the introduction of Cr atoms, the type of magnetic phase transition can be regulated from the first order to the second order. Under a 5 T magnetic field, the maximum magnetic entropy changes (ΔS M ) of DyCo 2Àx Cr x (x ¼ 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2) compounds are 10.4, 8.4, and 6.8 J kg À1 K À1 , respectively, but the relative cooling power (RCP) actually increases, with values of 290.6, 312.5, and 396.7 J kg À1 respectively, which is because the width at half-maximum of the ΔS M peak (δT FWHM ) is increased.