The aim of the study was to investigate the role of shugoshinl (SGO1) in human prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of SGO1 in PCa tissues and cell lines. The correlation between SGO1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. SGO1 siRNA was successfully constructed and transfected into PCa cell lines (LNCaP and PC3). The knockdown efficacy was assessed by qRT-PCR. MTT assay and Transwell assay were conducted to observe the effect of SGO1 on the proliferation and invasion of PCa cell lines. Results: SGO1-expression levels were found to be higher in the PCa tissues and cell lines. Correlation was identified between the expression of SGO1 and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (P=0.017), lymph-node metastasis (P=0.044), and Gleason score (P=0.041). Patients with higher SGO1 expression displayed more advanced clinicopathological characteristics in addition to a shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival time. Additionally, SGO1 knockdown resulted in the inhibition of PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings of the current study present evidence suggesting that SGO1 could inhibit the growth and invasion of PCa cells, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PCa.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of urethral regeneration with prevascularized bladder acellular matrix hydrogel (BAMH)/silk fibroin (SF) composite scaffolds in a rabbit model. Materials and methods: BAMH/SF and collagen Type I hydrogel/SF (CH/SF) scaffolds were prepared and the structure of the scaffolds was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. BAMH/SF, CH/SF and SF scaffolds were incubated in the omentum of male rabbits for two weeks and then harvested for repairing autologous urethral defects. Histological analysis of the incubated scaffolds was performed to evaluate the neovascularization capacity, and the outcomes of urethroplasty were evaluated at one and three months post-operatively. Results: The composited scaffolds were composed of a highly porous BAMH or CH buttressed by compact SF outer layer. The histological analysis of the incubated BAMH/SF revealed a signifcant increase of the neovascularization among three groups after a two-week incubation. At three months, the urethra maintained wide caliber in the BAMH/SF group. Strictures were found in the CH/SF and SF groups. Histologically, at one month, intact and multilayer epithelium occurred in the BAMH/SF group, and one layer epithelium was found in the CH/SF and SF groups. However, there was similar epithelial regeneration in BAMH/SF and CH/SF groups at three months (p > 0.05). Comparisons of smooth muscle content and vessel density among the SF, CH/SF and BAMH/SF revealed a significant increase at each time point (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that incubated BAMH/SF promote neovascularization, and prevascularized BAMH/SF promote the regeneration of the urethral epithelium and smooth muscle, which indicates its potential for urethral reconstruction.

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