Background: Malnutrition is commonly observed after stroke and is closely associated with poor clinical outcomes. So, early nutrition support is particularly crucial for severe stroke patients. However, a significant number of critically ill patients are intolerant to enteral nutrition (EN). Probiotics have been widely used in malnutrition by various diseases and have a low incidence of enteral intolerance. So, we aim to elucidate the efficacy of probiotics in EN in improving the nutritional status and clinical prognosis of severe stroke patients with nasal feeding. Method: Embase, PubMed, Sinomed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and Vip Journal Integration Platform were searched from inception to March 31, 2021. Randomized controlled trials that applied probiotics in patients with severe stroke were included. The data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed independently by 2 evaluators. Results: Twenty-four studies comprising 2003 participants of randomized controlled trials were included. The result of pooled analyses showed that probiotics in EN were associated with better outcomes than EN alone on Glasgow Coma Scale score (mean difference [MD] = 1.03, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.78–1.27; P < .00001), infection events (odds ratio [OR] = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.15–0.43; P < .00001), rate of intestinal flora dysbiosis (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12–0.48; P < .0001), gastrointestinal complications (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.16–0.37, P < .00001), time to reach target nutrition (MD = −1.80, 95% CI: −2.42 to 1.18, P < .00001), prealbumin content (MD = 25.83, 95% CI: 13.68–37.99, P < .0001). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that probiotics supplementation might be an effective intervention for improving the clinical prognosis in severe stroke patients with nasal feeding, but no significant effect on increasing muscle circumference.

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Soybean is an irreplaceable protein and oil crop in the world, while its growth and development are seriously affected by the soybean mosaic virus (SMV) disease (Adams et al., 2005). Soybean infected with SMV not only shows the typical symptoms of leaf shrinkage, necrosis, plant dwarfing and seed mottling, etc., but it also results in serious reduction of seed yield and significant deterioration of seed quality (Wrather et al., 2001). Thus, many countries, including China, always carry out the "SMV-sensitive variety veto policy" in the soybean breeding and variety registration programmes (Li et al., 2013).The cultivation and application of varieties with SMV resistance have been demonstrated as the most economical, effective and environmental friendly strategies to decrease the SMV adverse effects.To discover the genetic loci used in soybean molecular breeding, the linkage mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) strategies have been applied in many studies (Che et al., 2020;

Seed coat cracking (SCC) is a major factor that affects seed appearance quality, pathogen infection, humility absorption and seed storage in soybean. In view of this, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and a natural population were genotyped by SoySNP6K and were evaluated for type-I SCC percentage. Eight QTLs were identified on six chromosomes with phenotypic variation explanations ranging from 3.46% to 34.71% in RIL population. Twenty-three SNPs associated with cracking percentage were identified on eight chromosomes in natural population. More importantly, the association SNP ss715593768 in natural population was the left marker of qSCC-C2-1 in RIL population, which were detected across all of the environments and BLUP values. Two genes, Glyma.06G197300 and Glyma.06G202100, were proposed in this QTL region. These two genes showed differential expressions at seed developmental stages between RIL parents in the seed transcriptome sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, and also showed differential expressions between two germplasms with different cracking percentage in natural population. Thus, the results provide novel insight into the genetic basis and molecular improvement of SCC in soybean.