BACKGROUND Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) is an extremely rare, slow-growing hereditary mass lesion that is mainly characterized by both specific neuroradiological features and secondary hydrocephalus. Patients may present with symptoms of cerebellar mass lesion and increased intracranial pressure. As an important part of Cowden syndrome, Lhermitte-Duclos disease in adults is typically marked by PTEN gene mutation. OBSERVATIONS The clinical management of a 31-year-old woman who suffered Lhermitte-Duclos disease was introduced in this case report. Subtotal resection was performed with the assistance of intraoperative sonography to relieve obstructive hydrocephalus, and prophylactic C1 laminectomy was performed to prevent possible postoperative progression of the residual lesion. Perioperative care and surgical process were clearly revealed in an accompanying video. Intraoperative sonography of Lhermitte-Duclos disease presents hyperechoic distorted thickening cortices surrounded by hypoechoic edema belt. The patient did not report any significant neurological complications or sequelae after the lesion resection. LESSONS The authors first reported the use of intraoperative sonography in resection of adult-onset Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Hopefully, the educative case report can provide a feasible experience in the diagnosis and treatment of Lhermitte-Duclos disease.

Maintaining the integrity of crucial fiber tracts allows functional preservation and improved recovery in patients with glioma resection. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and intraoperative subcortical mapping (ISM) are commonly required for pre- and intraoperative assessment of white matter fibers. This study investigated differences of clinical outcomes in glioma resection aided by DTI or ISM. A comprehensive literature retrieval of the PubMed and Embase databases identified several DTI or ISM studies in 2000–2022. Clinical data, including extent of resection (EOR) and postoperative neurological deficits, was collected and statistically analyzed. Heterogeneity was regressed by a random effect model and the Mann–Whitney U test was used to test statistical significance. Publication bias was assessed by Egger test. A total of 14 studies with a pooled cohort of 1837 patients were included. Patients undergoing DTI-navigated glioma surgery showed a higher rate of gross total resection (GTR) than ISM-assisted surgical resection (67.88%, [95% CI 0.55—0.79] vs. 45.73%, [95% CI 0.29—0.63], P = 0.032). The occurrence of early postoperative functional deficit (35.45%, [95% CI 0.13—0.61] vs. 35.60% [95% CI 0.20—0.53], P = 1.000), late postoperative functional deficit (6.00%, [95% CI 0.02—0.11] vs. 4.91% [95% CI 0.03—0.08], P = 1.000) and severe postoperative functional deficit (2.21%, [95% CI 0—0.08] vs. 5.93% [95% CI 0.01—0.16], P = 0.393) were similar between the DTI and ISM group, respectively. While DTI-navigation resulted in a higher rate of GTR, the occurrence of postoperative neurological deficits between DTI and ISM groups was comparable. Together, these data indicate that both techniques could safely facilitate glioma resection.

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Surgical resection is the core of the comprehensive treatment of glioma. However, with infiltrative growth features, glioma often invades the surrounding area, making surgical resection more difficult. This review introduces relevant topics presented at the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societie Foundation Asian Congress of Neurological Surgeons (ACNS) Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery Web Seminar in 2022. First, we review assistive surgical techniques' characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. Second, we summarize some state-of-the-art surgical views in glioma resection. Advanced modalities and surgical theories in glioma resection make better “maximum safe resection” achievable.