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Cell lysis is a key step for studying the structure and function of proteins in cells and an important intermediate step in drug screening, cancer diagnosis, and genome analysis. The current cell lysis methods still suffer from limitations, such as the need for large instruments, a long and time-consuming process, a large sample volume, chemical reagent contamination, and their unsuitability for the small amount of bacteria lysis required for point-of-care testing (POCT) devices. Therefore, a fast, chemical-free, portable, and non-invasive device needs to be developed. In the present study, we designed an integrated microfluidic chip to achieve E. coli lysis by applying an alternating current (AC) electric field and investigated the effects of voltage, frequency, and flow rate on the lysis. The results showed that the lysis efficiency of the bacteria was increased with a higher voltage, lower frequency, and lower flow rate. When the voltage was at 10 Vp-p, the lysis efficiency was close to 100%. The study provided a simple, rapid, reagent-free, and high-efficiency cleavage method for biology and biomedical applications involving bacteria lysis.

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The deep web integration system employs a set of semantic mappings between the mediated schema and the schemas of web data sources. In this dynamic environment, sources often undergo changes that invalidate the mappings. Such continuous monitoring is extremely labor intensive, and poses a key bottleneck to the widespread deployment of web data integration systems in practice. The paper describes DBMFR (Detecting Broken Mappings Based on Fuzzy Reasoning) an automatic solution to detecting broken mappings. Fuzzy aggregation operators are leveraged to calculate the score, which implies whether the mapping is broken. The paper provides a new fuzzy reasoning algorithm based on fuzzy aggregation operators. Experiments over real-world sources demonstrate the effectiveness of our fuzzy-based approach over existing solutions, as well as the utility of our improvements.