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Coastal and offshore regions are regarded as the key zones exposed to marine disasters. Zhejiang province, located on the verge of the East China Sea, is one of the provinces mostly affected by marine disasters that have brought serious economic losses and casualties. The data of marine disasters in Zhejiang province, which occurred during the period from 2000 to 2016, were selected and analyzed. The results indicate that (1) storm surge, wave, and red tide are the main kinds of marine hazards in the coastal region of Zhejiang province. (2) a total of 1,099 marine disasters occurred in the coastal region of Zhejiang province during 2000—2016, and resulted in about 275 deaths or missing with 18.544 billion yuan of direct economic losses. In addition, marine disasters are mainly distributed in Zhoushan City, Ningbo City, Taizhou City, and Wenzhou City of Zhejiang province.

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As one of cities located in the karst region of North China, Jinan City is a karst region that is heavily urbanized in recent years, but no study has been undertaken to monitor the disturbance of karst environment. To effectively address the threats and the disturbance to karst region in the city, this study proposes hierarchal and standardized environmental disturbance indicators as a tool to monitor regional impacts and strengthen more protection of the karst mountainous areas in North China. The geomorphological indicators of karst disturbance in Jinan City of North China include quarrying or mining, and flooding and storm- water drainage (human-built surface structure indirect effect).