Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and radiotherapy (RT) are both accepted treatment modalities for glottic cancer. The objective of the study was to assess the oncologic outcomes and life quality of TLM in comparison with RT for T1 glottic carcinoma. We searched Medline/PubMed, Web of knowledge, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Wiley online library, Springer, Google, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), etc. We screened the literature, assessed the quality of the studies, and extracted the relevant data through the establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was done using the Cochrane collaboration' s RevMan 5.0 for data analysis. A total of 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The laryngeal preservation for patients undergoing TLM was significantly better than that for RT (P < 0.00). The laser surgery significantly improved the overall survival of patients with T1 glottic carcinoma (P = 0.04). No statistically significant differences were found between TLM and RT regarding the local control (P = 0.91). The funnel plot demonstrates no apparent publication bias in the overall survival and laryngeal preservation comparison. Our meta-analysis suggested that laser surgery was a preferred method than radiotherapy with respect to significantly better overall survival and laryngeal preservation. But the local control was not significant different. Further prospective randomized controlled studies will be needed.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in many developmental processes and responses to adaptive stresses in plants. Recently, a new family of nucleocytoplasmic PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) has been identified as bona fide ABA receptors. PYLs together with protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs), Snf1 (Sucrose-non-fermentation 1)-related kinases subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) and downstream substrates constitute the core ABA signaling network. Generally, PP2Cs inactivate SnRK2s kinases by physical interaction and direct dephosphorylation. Upon ABA binding, PYLs change their conformations and then contact and inhibit PP2Cs, thus activating SnRK2s. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in research regarding the structures of the core signaling pathways of ABA, including the (+)-ABA, (−)-ABA and ABA analogs pyrabactin as well as 6AS perception by PYLs, SnRK2s mimicking PYLs in binding PP2Cs. PYLs inhibited PP2Cs in both the presence and absence of ABA and activated SnRK2s. The present review elucidates multiple ABA signal perception and transduction by PYLs, which might shed light on how to design small chemical compounds for improving plant performance in the future.

Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic interaction between a tiltrotor and a tandem rotor during shipboard operations.Abstract: Complex rotorcraft-to-rotorcraft interference problems occur during shipboard operations, and have a negative impact on safety. A vortex-based approach is used here to investigate the flow field and unsteady airloads of a tiltrotor affected by the wake of an upwind tandem rotor. In this work, the blade aerodynamics is modelled using a panel method, and the unsteady behavior of rotor wakes is modelled using a vortex particle method. The effects of the ship and sea-surfaces are accounted for via a viscous boundary model. The method is applied to a 1/48 th scaled model of a CH-46 operating on a model-scale Landing Helicopter Assault ship. The predicted vertical velocities at the location of the downstream V-22 are compared with Computational Fluid Dynamics and experiments carried out at NASA Ames Research Center. The results show that the predicted vertical velocities compare reasonably well with experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics. A V-22 tilt-rotor placed in the wake of the CH-46 is also simulated, and rolling moments of the V-22 are calculated to show the effect of the upstream CH-46 wake. Keywords: rotorcraft-to-rotorcraft interference; flow field; shipboard operation; vortex particle method; viscous boundary model Nomenclature b, f = edge lengths of a rectangular panel, m b v = the V-22 wing span, m p C = pressure coefficient, dimensionless C P = rotor power coefficient, dimensionless 1 Lecturer, JianfengTan@njtech.edu.cn.

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A vortex-based approach is employed to predict downwash and outwash of a tandem rotor in ground effect and provide an understanding of its wake. The aerodynamic loads of the blades are represented through a panel method, and the behavior of the wake is captured by a viscous vortex particle method. The viscous effects of the ground are accounted for by a viscous boundary model satisfying the no-slip and non-penetration boundary conditions. The method is first validated for an isolated full-scale Lynx tail rotor and a 172 mm-diameter scale rotor in ground effect. The results show that the predicted trajectories of the tip vortices and the radial velocity profiles compare favorably with experiments and published CFD results. Results for a model CH-47D are then compared with experiments for the downwash and outwash of the tandem rotor. As opposed to the isolated single rotor, a radial outward expansion in the overlapping area is observed, and the peak and the corresponding vertical distance of the velocity maximum of the radial outwash flow for the tandem rotor is larger. Moreover, the rotational direction of the tandem rotor leads to a wake with several vortical interactions resulting in different outwash on the port and starboard sides. Nomenclature b, f = edge lengths of the rectangular panel, m hxi, hyi, hzi = edge lengths of the integration cuboid, m