hronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, represent significant public health threats in China. The third leading cause of death worldwide, COPD affects more than 100 million people in China and is soon expected to become the most prevalent disease in the country, according to the World Health Organization. Moreover, Zhong Nanshan, head of the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, reports that twothirds of COPD patients are initially diagnosed in late stages of the disease, so prevention and earlier diagnosis and treatment provide an opportunity to better "safeguard public health."Asthma is the leading cause of hospitalization among children worldwide and causes major challenges for families because of absenteeism from school and high medical costs. Asthma incidence in China has increased dramatically, with rates up by as much as 40 percent over the past five years. Prevalence in some cities is 11 percent and rising.Despite the burden of these diseases, standardized plans for prevention, early detection, and treatment are lacking, and awareness of chronic respiratory conditions in China is low-for example, 41 percent of COPD patients don't know they have the disease.Recognizing this problem and the opportunities to improve public health, Project HOPE partnered in April 2015 with the pharmaceutical company Astra-Zeneca, government health bureaus,

Introduction Violence against medical staff has been prevalent in China over the past two decades. Although Chinese authorities have released many laws and regulations to protect medical staff from violence since 2011, the legal approach alone is unlikely to resolve this complex issue. In particular, several cases of violence against medical staff in China have caused great media sensation. Method This paper proposes an integrated model that combines the environmental stimuli theory, broken windows theory, and rational choice theory. It adopts the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to untangle the causal relationship between violence against medical staff, media sensation, and judicial judgment. We examined reports of medical violence on media and news websites from January 1, 2010, to January 31, 2020, and selected 50 cases with detailed information for this study. Results The results show that each condition is not sufficient for the absence of judicial judgment, but when combined, they are conducive to the outcome. The conditions of hospital level, medical cost, and media sensation play important roles. The providers, patients, and environmental factors are indicators of inadequate or lack of judicial judgment, which corresponds to previous expectations. Conclusions The integrated model greatly enriches the extant theories and literature, and also yields implications for preventing violence against medical staff in China. We suggest that sustainable and innovative healthcare reform should be initiated. For example, public hospitals should remain the cornerstone of national public health security. Medical staff in public hospitals must be regarded as “civil servants”. Therefore, the current legal system should be improved. The media should objectively report events concerning medical staff and improve public healthcare knowledge.