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Objective: To date, measurement of conductivity and relative permittivity properties of anisotropic biological tissues using electrical impedance myography (EIM) is only possible through an invasive ex vivo biopsy procedure. Here, we present a novel forward and inverse theoretical modeling framework to estimate these properties combining surface and needle EIM measurements. Methods: The framework presented models the electrical potential distribution within a monodomain, homogeneous, and three-dimensional anisotropic tissue. Finite element method simulations and tongue experimental results verify the validity of our method to reverse-engineer three-dimensional conductivity and relative permittivity properties from EIM measurements. Results: FEM-based simulations confirm the validity of our analytical framework, with relative errors between analytical predictions and simulations smaller than 0.12% and 2.6% in a cuboid and tongue model, respectively. Experimental results confirm qualitative differences in the conductivity and the relative permittivity properties in x, y, and z directions. Conclusion: Our methodology enables EIM technology to reverse- engineer the anisotropic tongue tissue conductivity and relative permittivity properties thus unfolding full forward and inverse EIM predictability capabilities. Significance: This new method of evaluating anisotropic tongue tissue will lead to a deeper understanding of the role of biology necessary for the development of new EIM tools and approaches for tongue health measurement and monitoring.