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Rationale:Schwannomas of gastrointestinal tracts are rare and difficult to detect preoperatively because of negative results of endoscopic and imaging examinations. Here, we reported a case of rectal schwannoma, which was diagnosed by immunohistochemical staining after laparoscopic protectomy.Patient concerns:A 61-year-old woman complained of a 1-month history of difficulty in defecation and irregularly abdominal discomfort during her physical checkup in our hospital.Diagnoses:Immunohistochemical staining results after laparoscopic protectomy revealed a strong positive reaction for S-100 protein. Therefore, rectal schwannoma was confirmed.Interventions:Treatment with laparoscopic protectomy was given.Outcomes:Symptoms resolved completely after 12 days of the surgery, and was regular followed-up in outpatient clinic.Lessons:Schwannomas are difficult to identify preoperatively, and immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein is an effective method to diagnose it.

Rationale:Glucagonoma is a rare type of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that is characterized by distinctive clinical manifestations; among these, necrolytic migratory erythema represents the hallmark clinical sign of glucagonoma syndrome and is usually presented as the initial complaint of patients.Patient concerns:A 30-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of diffuse erythematous ulcerating skin rash for more than 10 months. He also complained of hyperglycemia and a weight loss of 15 kg in those months.Diagnosis:This patient underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan which showed a pancreatic body mass measuring approximately 6 cm with low density accompanied by partial calcification in plain scanning images and uneven enhancement in strengthening periods. In addition, laboratory tests indicated elevated fasting blood glucagon (1109 pg/mL, normal range: 50–150 pg/mL) levels. Glucagonoma syndrome was ultimately diagnosed in clinical.Intervention:Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy was conducted and postoperative pathology revealed the presence of glucagonoma.Outcomes:The patient recovered uneventfully with the glucagonoma syndrome disappeared soon after surgery, and the postoperative plasma glucagon decreased to a normal level. Follow-up showed no recurrence for 5 years since the surgery.Lessons:The treatment of glucagonoma should be directed according to the stage at which the disease is diagnosed. Surgery is currently the only method available to cure the tumor, although medications are given to patients who present with advanced glucagonoma and who are not candidates for operation. Multidisciplinary therapy and multimodality treatment are advised, although these have been systematically evaluated to a lesser degree.

Rationale: Tailgut cysts are a type of very rare congenital polycystic lesions that are always located posterior to the rectum and anterior to the sacrum. The symptoms of tailgut cysts are nonspecific and misleading. Therefore, a full understanding of the characteristics of tailgut cysts is important for their diagnosis and treatment. Patient concerns: We report a 46-year-old female with a sacrococcygeal mass that had been present for about 2 years. Diagnoses: Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated several cystic masses, the largest of which had a diameter of about 2.8 cm, near the ligaments of the sacrospinous and rectum. Pathological examination confirmed the tailgut cysts, with no signs of malignant transformation. Interventions: The patient received complete surgical cysts resection, which was performed through the sacrococcygeal region. Outcomes: The patient recovered well with no obvious complication and was discharged on the sixth-day post-surgery. Follow-up 6 months later revealed no signs of cyst recurrence. Lessons: The symptoms and diagnostic characteristics of tailgut cysts should be fully understood. Complete surgical resection through the sacrococcygeal region is vital to treat tailgut cysts.