Peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality have become one of the main goals of most countries globally. Important in this context is the coordinated green development of core enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises. Effective solutions lie in developing an enterprise green innovation ecosystem. From the perspective of the vulnerability enterprises face as they build a green innovation ecosystem, this paper uses evolutionary game theory to study the three-party evolutionary game model in which core enterprises take the lead and upstream and downstream enterprises are the participants. It then analyzes the impact of four measurement types core enterprises take and the initial willingness of the three parties on the system evolution. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The vulnerability of the enterprise green innovation ecosystem is quite different in different development stages. (2) The impact is gradually weaker of the four synergies between core enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises on the healthy operation of the system. (3) The initial willingness of the three parties has a significant impact on the system vulnerability, and the difference is large. When core enterprises actively promote green innovation and upstream and downstream enterprises have a high initial willingness to adopt it, system vulnerability is at its lowest. Finally, combined with the findings from the numerical simulation analysis, some suggestions are made to guide the effective reduction of vulnerability and the healthy operation of the enterprise's green innovation ecosystem.

Based on the context of enterprise green innovation ecosystem, this paper discusses the decision-making of knowledge innovation and environmental social responsibility in the multi-agent enterprise R&D innovation system that is composed of core enterprises and satellite enterprises, and it provides a new perspective for comprehensively improving enterprise innovation ability. By using differential game method and considering the joint influence of knowledge innovation and environmental social responsibility, this paper analyzes the cooperative innovation of multi-agent enterprises under a dynamic framework and discusses the decision-making process and optimal returns of core enterprises and satellite enterprises under centralized decision, decentralized decision and Stackelberg master-slave game modes. The conclusions are as follows: (1) When multi-entity enterprise R&D and innovation system moderately fulfill their environmental social responsibilities, their income increases significantly, and the green innovation capability of green innovation ecosystem is enhanced effectively; (2) When the profit ratio of core enterprises is controlled above 1/3, and the subsidy rate of government on satellite enterprises is controlled below 2/3, the green innovation ecosystem is in a balanced state, and the innovation initiative of multi-agent enterprises reaches a high level; (3) Under centralized decision making, the revenue proportion of core enterprises decreases, but the overall revenue of R&D innovation system reaches the Pareto optimum. Finally, the differential game decision-making process is analyzed with an example to verify the validity of the model conclusion, which provides a scientific basis for the knowledge innovation decision of multi-agent enterprise R&D innovation system in the green innovation ecosystem and accelerates the process of carbon neutrality.INDEX TERMS Carbon neutral, green innovation ecosystem, knowledge innovation, environmental social responsibility, differential game.

Manufacturing product innovation is increasingly showing a green, low-carbon, systematic ecological innovation development trend. In this paper, using CiteSpace analysis method and assisted by BICOMB2 software, the literature of CNKI (1992–2019) and WOS (1995–2019) database was analyzed to construct the knowledge mapping of manufacturing product innovation, and the research findings were as follows: (i) The research is mainly concentrated in China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and other countries. The number of Chinese scholars’ research is the largest, but the American scholars’ research is the first in novelty and prospective, and its sigma value is as high as 294.17. (ii) In recent years, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi’an University of Technology, Hunan University and other research institutions have recently produced more research results on product innovation. Among them, Shanghai Jiaotong University can be ranked first. (ii) “Green product innovation” and “product innovation performance” can continue to be the hot spots for future manufacturing product innovation and development.

The innovation ecosystem advocates both enterprise value and social value. How to make the most beneficial decisions to promote the development of enterprise and system while fulfilling social responsibilities? From the perspective of the paradox of social responsibility, a differential game model of innovation research and development among enterprises in the innovation ecosystem is constructed. The paper analyses the impact of multiple factors on innovation ability and revenue. Including: the subsidy from government, the cost of enterprise and additional benefits from social effect. The conclusions are as follows :(1) Moderate implementation of social responsibility can improve the technical level, social effect and income of innovation system. To achieve the goal of symbiotic evolution of innovation ecosystem, it is recommended that the proportion of core corporate earnings should be higher than one third. (2)For the government, moderate subsidies are very helpful to improve the enthusiasm of technological innovation and social responsibility practice of enterprises. Moreover, the influence on the supporting enterprises (which is in the weak position) is more significant. But the rate needs to be kept within the range of ( ) 0,2 3 . Otherwise it will encourage "free rider" behavior and cause the system to evolve into a parasitic imbalance;(3) The social effect is a positive circular effect. It will increase overall revenue with R&D level of core technology. The interaction between them can promote the symbiotic evolution of the innovation ecosystem;(4) In the symbiotic innovation ecosystem, the profit ratio of core enterprises decreases, but the overall profit value increases.

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