Microsimulation is becoming more popular in transportation research. This research explores the potential of microsimulation by integrating an existing activity-based travel demand model, TASHA, with a dynamic agent-based traffic simulation model, MATSim. Differences in model precisions from the two models are resolved through a series of data conversions, and the models are able to form an iterative process similar to previous modeling frameworks using TASHA and static assignment using Emme/2. The resulting model is then used for light-duty vehicle emission modeling where the traditional average-speed modeling approach is improved by exploiting agent-based traffic simulation results. This improved method of emission modeling is more sensitive to the effect of congestion, and the linkage between individual vehicles and link emissions is preserved. The results have demonstrated the advantages of the microsimulation approach over conventional methodologies that rely heavily on temporal or spatial aggregation. The framework can be improved by further enhancing the sensitivity of TASHA to travel time.

This paper establishes a link between an activity-based model for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), dynamic traffic assignment, emission modelling, and air quality simulation. This provides agent-based output that allows vehicle emissions to be tracked back to individuals and households who are producing them. In addition, roadway emissions are dispersed and the resulting ambient air concentrations are linked with individual time-activity patterns in order to assess population exposure to air pollution. This framework is applied to evaluate the effects of a range of policy interventions and 2031 scenarios on the generation of vehicle emissions and greenhouse gases in the GTA. Results show that the predicted increase of approximately 2.6 million people and 1.3 million jobs in the region by 2031 compared to 2001 levels poses a major challenge in achieving meaningful reductions in GHGs and air pollution.

The conflict between rice production and water scarcity is becoming more pronounced. Therefore, the advancement of water‐saving rice cultivation is crucial in guaranteeing both food and ecological security. This study provides a summary of the development and characteristics of various water‐saving cultivation techniques for rice, including alternate wetting and drying irrigation, wet irrigation, controlled irrigation, the system of rice intensification, direct seeding rice, and dry cultivation of rice (DCR). We also introduce the varietal characteristics of upland rice, aerobic rice, water‐saving and drought‐resistant rice, and DCR. We summarize the impact of different water‐saving cultivation models on yield and quality and regulatory measures, and propose challenges and strategies for the development of water‐saving cultivation of rice in the future. We hope to provide a reference for promoting the development of rice water‐saving cultivation and dry farming agriculture.