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We propose a new reservation-based bandwidth allocation method to satisfy the requirements of real-time data. It reserves bandwidth in the form of uniformly distributed time slots on a link. It is conceptually simple and should be easy to implement. Delayinsensitive or loss-insensitive data can be transmitted concurrently, using the unreserved bandwidth. As an example of its application, we discuss the on-demand delivery of pre-recorded, continuous media data. Given the file size, the playback rate, and the buffer space available at the client site, we compute the range for data transmission rate that prevents client buffer underflow and overflow. Based on this range, our channel allocation scheme can reserve bandwidth along the connection from the server to the client. We first discuss in detail the case where data are not compressed, so that all playback-frames of data consist of the same number of bytes, and then report similar results on the compressed data case, in which different playback-frames may consist of different numbers of bytes.

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Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) refers to persistent medical conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and related structures. Studies showed that stress was closely linked to the development of TMD. Furthermore, healthcare students are particularly susceptible to stress compared to the general population. This can have a negative impact on their quality of life and mental health during their training. The increased prevalence of TMD has also been reported among the same cohort of the population. However, there is a lack of literature published highlighting the prevalence of TMD and their association with increased levels of stress in dental students. This study aims to explore whether increased stress levels are associated with the prevalence of TMD in undergraduate dental students. A total of 218 dental students participated. Two online self-reported questionnaires consisted of structured case history on past medical and dental history with a Fonseca Amnestic Index (FAI) questionnaire used to identify the prevalence of TMD and DESS questionnaire for stress prediction were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with a p-value less than 0.05. It was reported that about 48% of students had various TMD with no significant association found between the year of study and gender. However, a significant association was reported between stress gender. A positive correlation was also found between stress and TMD among participants. This study revealed a significant association between stress and the prevalence of TMD in undergraduate dental students. Educational institutions must adopt coping strategies to help trainees manage their psychological stress, which could reduce the incidence of TMD.