The difference in DSC perfusion MRI characteristics between PCNSLs and high-grade gliomas is determined by their different vascularities and different patterns of contrast agent leakage. This difference may be helpful in the diagnosis and preoperative differentiation between PCNSLs and high-grade gliomas, which sometimes may have similar conventional MR imaging appearance.

Leukemia is a common hematological malignancy with overall poor prognosis. Novel therapies are needed to improve the outcome of leukemia patients. Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is a featured alteration in leukemia. Many metabolic-related genes and metabolites are essential to the progress and drug resistance of leukemia. Exploring potential therapeutical targets related to cholesterol homeostasis is a promising area. This review summarized the functions of cholesterol and its derived intermediate metabolites, and also discussed potential agents targeting this metabolic vulnerability in leukemia.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival and may be useful for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we defined a novel miRNA, hsa-miR-12462, through small RNA sequencing of the bone marrow (BM) cells from 128 AML patients. Overexpression of hsa-miR-12462 in AML cells (U937 and HL-60) significantly decreased their growth rate when compared with those of the wild-type and MOCK controls. In a xenograft mouse model, tumor weight and size in the mice bearing the U937 cells with hsa-miR-12462 overexpression were significantly reduced when compared with those bearing the mock cells. The AML cells overexpressing hsa-miR-12462 had increased sensitivity to cytarabine chemotherapy. Combining the data from the MiRDB, an online microRNA database (http://mirdb.org), with the RNA-sequencing results, SLC9A1 was predicted to be one of the targets of hsa-miR-12462. hsa-miR-12462 was further confirmed to bind exclusively to the 3′UTR of SLC9A1 in U937 cells, leading to downregulation of SLC9A1. In summary, a higher level of hsa-miR-12462 in AML cells is associated with increased sensitivity to cytarabine chemotherapy via downregulation of SLC9A1.

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