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Magnetic ionic liquids (MIL) are extensively used in extraction and catalytic processes. Here, a series of MIL, i.e., 1-n-butyric acid-3-methylimidazolium chloride/xFeCl 3 ([C 3 H 6 COOHmim]Cl/xFeCl 3 ; x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2), were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, visible absorption spectrometry, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The MIL [C 3 H 6 COOHmim]Cl/2FeCl 3 was found to be highly active for the extraction and catalytic oxidative desulfurization of a model oil under mild conditions. Of note, the removal of benzothiophene, which has been regarded as a refractory aromatic sulfur compound, could be achieved at up to 100 % in 10 min. After reaction, the MIL could be easily separated from the model oil by applying an external magnetic field, due to its paramagnetic properties.

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This work investigates resonances in a capacitively coupled, low pressure krypton microdischarge operated at 2.5 GHz. A circuit model for the device, which has a length dimension of approximately 1 mm, calculates impedance values for a range of electron densities. The model results predict several “parallel” and “series” resonances at the driving frequency when the electron density is approximately 8 × 1011 cm−3 and 5 × 1012 cm−3. The series resonance occurs when the resistance approaches the output impedance of the radio-frequency signal source, minimizing the reflected power. These resonances explain an experimentally observed jump in intensity with increasing input power.

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