Boron-containing polymers have many applications resulting from their prominent properties. Organoboron species with reversible B–O bonds have been successfully employed for the fabrication of various self-healing/healable and reprocessable polymers. However, the application of the polymers containing boronic ester or boroxine linkages is limited because of their instability to water. Herein, we report the hydrolytic stability and dynamic covalent chemistry of the nitrogen-coordinating cyclic boronic diester (NCB) linkages, and a new class of vitrimers based on NCB linkages is developed through the chemical reactions of reactive hydrogen with isocyanate. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies demonstrated that NCB linkages exhibit enhanced water and heat resistance, whereas the exchange reactions between NCB linkages can take place upon heating without any catalyst. The model compounds of NCBC-X1 and NCBC-X2 containing a urethane group and urea group, respectively, also showed higher hydrolytic stability compared to that of conventional boronic esters. Polyurethane vitrimers and poly­(urea-urethane) vitrimers based on NCB linkages exhibited excellent solvent resistance and mechanical properties like general thermosets, which can be repaired, reprocessed, and recycled via the transesterification of NCB linkages upon heating. Especially, vitrimers based on NCB linkages presented improved stability to water and heat compared to those through conventional boronic esters because of the existence of N → B internal coordination. We anticipate that this work will provide a new strategy for designing the next generation of sustainable materials.

This review discusses the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. dulcis plants. S. dulcis provides new potential for medicine and can be promoted as a complementary or alternative therapy for patients with chronic conditions.

In the multicolor regulation of visible-light band, the inorganic electrochromic multicolor modulation has always been the bottleneck of expanding the application of inorganic electrochromic reflection display. An electrochromic device (ECD) based on an ultracompact unsymmetric Fabry–Perot resonator was designed. Electrochromic oxides such as tungsten oxide, offer the possibility to tune their refractive index and extinction coefficient upon ion insertion, allowing active control over resonance conditions for Fabry–Perot cavity-type devices. The spectrum colors of red, yellow, green and blue can be obtained by adjusting the thickness of tungsten oxide in the W/(WO[Formula: see text]H2O) electrode. The optical constants of tungsten oxide can be adjusted reversibly by using electrochemical ion insertion/stripping, and the reflection peak of W/(WO[Formula: see text]H2O) electrode in the visible-light band can be adjusted. The dynamic color control of the ECDs can be achieved finely.

A fast and accurate numerical method for solving the two dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes is applied to calculate the internal fluid of turbines and compressors. The code is based on an explicit, time-marching, finite volume technique. In order to accelerate convergence, local time stepping, multigrid method is employed. Four stage Runge-Kutta method is implemented to extend the stability domain. Test cases of Hobson's impulse cascade, NASA Rotor 37 and Sanz's supercriticaI compressor cascade are presented. Results of Mach number distribution on blade surfaces and Mach number contour plots indicate good agreement with experimental data. Compared with full three 3D Navier-Stokes (N-S) codes, the two dimensional code only takes a short time to obtain predicted results. This code can be used widely in practical engineering design.

A time marching algorithms, which is used to solve incompressible internal flow fields in turbomachinery, has been developed. By using Chorin's method of artificial compressibility, the governing equations are transformed from elliptic type into hyperbolic form in order to extend the time marching technique to very low Mach number flows. Viscous effects can be predicted by using the distributed body force method and Baldwin-Lomax eddy viscosity turbulence model. Some accelerating convergence techniques such as multi-grid and local time step method are employed. The application to a flow field within a low-solidity rocket pump inducer is presented and discussed. K e y w o r d s : t u r b o m a c h i n e r y , i n c o m p r e s s i b l e flow, t i m e m a r c h i n g m e t h o d