In order to protect the four spring groups in Jinan, it is very important to study the formation characteristics of the karst spring in Jinan. Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions of Jinan spring group outcropping area, this paper makes a comprehensive study on the karst aquifer void type, spring water supply source, spring water gushing state, spring water flow, spring water temperature and conductivity, spring water chemistry data in the recharging area, so as to determine the genetic types of four spring groups. The results are as follows: (1) Baotu spring and Heihu spring have a similar genetic structure, their circulation depth is relatively shallower, and they are greatly affected by Ordovician karst water in the direct recharging area. Tanxi spring and Pearl spring have a similar genetic structure with a deeper circulation depth, which are greatly affected by Cambrian karst water in the indirect recharging area. Tanxi spring and Pearl spring have a similar genetic structure with a deeper circulation depth, which are greatly affected by Cambrian karst water in the indirect recharging area; (2) Baotu spring and Heihu spring are long-running cold springs recharged by confined water, which belong to erosion rising spring; Pearl spring and Wulongtan are long-running large and medium-sized cold springs recharged by pressurized water, which belong to contact rising spring. The research on the genetic characteristics of spring provides a scientific basis for spring protection in Jinan.

In order to protect Jinan spring. This article is based on the research and analysis of the observation water level, extraction volume, spring water level, and observation data of water sources in West Jinan, western suburbs, and urban areas. It is concluded that: (1) According to the analysis of the dynamic type of groundwater level, there is a close hydraulic connection between the groundwater of West Jinan and Baotu spring spring group, which is a unified body of water with strong connectivity. (2) From the analysis of multi-year water level, spring discharge and mining volume, the impact of karst water mining in the western suburbs on the water level and spring discharge of urban spring water is very obvious.(3) The increase in the amount of karst water in the urban area and the decrease in the flow of spring water are very similar. Therefore, Jinan spring water is obviously affected by artificial mining. Controlling the amount of groundwater extraction, especially in urban areas, is of great significance to ensure the spring water gushing all year round. At the same time, it is necessary to make a good mining layout for the water sources in the western suburbs, West Jinan and eastern suburbs.