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In this paper, we construct a structural vector autoregression model for the Chinese macroeconomy (CMSVAR) in neoclassical representative-agent framework. The theoretical background of CMSVAR is developed on the basis of the micro behavior of consumers and investors. The dynamic optimization by the neoclassical representative-agent framework is employed to model the investor's behavior and the consumer's behavior equation. In light of Hall's random walk theory of consumption, we set up the econometric model for the growth rate of consumption. At same time, we use the acceleration principle to develop an econometric equation for investment. By taking on widely-used techniques of identification for structural VAR, we estimate a 8-variable and a 10-variable CMSVAR to predict the economic growth trend. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean absolute forecast percent error (MAPE) both demonstrate that CMSVAR performs superiorly to the Litterman BVAR and the Gibbs BVAR in short or medium run.