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Analyzing the fast search and find of density peaks clustering (DPC) algorithm, we find that the cluster centers cannot be determined automatically and that the selected cluster centers may fall into a local optimum and the random selection of the parameter cutoff distance d c value. To overcome these problems, a novel clustering algorithm based on DPC & PSO (PDPC) is proposed. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is introduced because of its simple concept and strong global search ability, which can find the optimal solution in relatively few iterations. First, to solve the effect of the selection of the parameter d c on the calculation density and the clustering results, this paper proposes a method to calculate that parameter. Second, a new fitness criterion function is proposed that iteratively searches K global optimal solutions through the PSO algorithm, that is, the initial cluster centers. Third, each sample is assigned to K initial center points according to the minimum distance principle. Finally, we update the cluster centers and redistribute the remaining objects to the clusters closest to the cluster centers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified on nine typical benchmark data sets. The experimental results show that the PDPC can effectively solve the problem of cluster center selection in the DPC algorithm, avoiding the subjectivity of the manual selection process and overcoming the influence of the parameter d c. Compared with the other six algorithms, the PDPC algorithm has a stronger global search ability, higher stability and a better clustering effect. INDEX TERMS Clustering, density peak, particle swarm optimization, fitness function.

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