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Accumulating evidence has supported the role of microRNAs in the initiation and development of malignant tumors. MicroRNA-211 (miR-211), which was reported to involve in diverse physiological activities in several cancers, was investigated for its expression in human glioma and adjacent normal brain tissues, as well as its correlation with patient prognosis. Glioma tissues and adjacent normal brain tissues were obtained from 82 patients who underwent surgical resection, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess the expression level of miR-211. Here, we found that miR-211 was significantly decreased in glioma tissues compared with adjacent normal brain tissues (glioma, 3.52 ± 0.14 vs. normal, 4.96 ± 0.17, p < 0.001), and inversely associated with ascending WHO classification (grade III-IV, 3.16 ± 0.21 vs. grade I-II, 4.22 ± 0.26, p < 0.001). Then, the correlation of miR-211 with clinicopathological factors was investigated by Pearson's Chi square test, indicating that miR-211 might be a potential biomarker to predict the malignant status of glioma. Further, Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank analysis were carried out to determine the relationship between miR-211 expression level and the overall survival rate of glioma patients. Our data showed that there was a close correlation between down-regulated miR-211 and shorter survival time in 82 patients (p = 0.026). Finally, the multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that WHO grade (HR = 2.437, 95% CI 1.251-4.966, p = 0.007), KPS (HR = 2.215, 95% CI 1.168-4.259, p = 0.016), and miR-211 expression level (HR = 3.614, 95% CI 2.152-6.748, p < 0.001) were considered as independent risk factors for glioma prognosis. These results suggested that lower miR-211 expression might be a marker for poor prognosis of glioma patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and practicality of 3D-printed modelguided endoscopic surgery for the treatment of basal ganglia hemorrhage. The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of all patients who underwent endoscopic evacuation of basal ganglia hemorrhage in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dalang Hospital and Shipai Hospital between December 2017 and February 2019. Twelve patients, in whom the 3D-printed model guidance was used for endoscopic evacuation, were included in this investigation. Using 3D reconstructed technology, we designed the appropriate surgical approach. Then, an individualized facial model with the guide orifice was printed by a 3D printer. Further, the 3D-printed model was employed to guide the insertion of the endoscope sheath. As a result, the average evacuation rate was 97.2% (range 90.1-100.0%). The GCS and mRS score were improved in each patient from admission to discharge examination. All patients had a good prognosis based on their functional independence measure (FIM) scores at the 6-month follow-up. The 3D-printed model-guided endoscopic evacuation was effective and safe for basal ganglia hemorrhage. This technique deserves further investigation to determine its role in intracerebral hemorrhage management. Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) is a very common neurosurgical disease disorder with a poor prognosis and outcome. The hematoma is generally located in the brain parenchyma such as the basal ganglia 1-3. Recently, endoscopic surgery for the hematoma evacuation has gradually replaced craniotomy to minimize brain injury 4,5. Endoscopic techniques is a new method of minimally invasive operation that have the advantages of less trauma, fewer complications, and better prognosis. Compared with traditional craniotomy, the accurate localization of the hematoma is more important in endoscopic surgeries. Precise insertion of the puncturing needle or sheath is the crucial factor of the accomplishment of operation 6,7. Hence, we need a low-cost and easy-to-follow technique to localize the deep-seated hematoma. 3D printing technology is based on the original digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data of CT and 3D software modeling. On the basis of this technology, the shape and position of hematomas in patients are analyzed, and the surgical approach is designed to avoid important positions, such as those of the venous sinus, the functional area, and the forehead sinus 8. According to the facial features of the patients, an individualized facial model with the guide orifice is designed and printed by a 3D printer. In the hematoma puncture process, the puncture angle and the puncture position can be fixed through the guide orifice, which reduces the tissue injury, caused by the inaccurate localization and repeated puncture. This method for the treatment of HICH by neuroendoscopy is personalized and more accurate than the conventionally used ones.

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