Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder characterised by insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Disease incidence is accumulating at a rapidly increasing rate, resulting in a considerable social, health and economic burden in the modern world. Bioactive peptides show significant potential for use in health management strategies, particularly as components of drugs and functional foods for diabetes treatment. Many antidiabetic bioactive peptides have been isolated and validated. The aim of this review was to update the state of knowledge of the origin, structural characteristics and action. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of bioactive peptides on key enzymes and proteins, such as α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, glucagon‐like peptides and dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV, that participate in glycaemic level control from the intake of carbohydrates to blood glucose regulation were overviewed. This knowledge should facilitate research and industrial efforts to better understand and evaluate the potential of bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties for blood glucose level management.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is an infectious dermatosis with high incidence worldwide. Age is a key risk factor for HZ, and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the main sequelae. Until now, no index has been available to predict the pathogenesis of PHN, and rare reports have focused on the immune response during aging and PHN. In this study, we selected immunoglobulin and complement proteins as markers for humoral immunity, while T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells were selected as markers for cell immunity, to systematically study the characteristics of immune responses in the peripheral blood of HZ patients. Our data showed that the absolute number of CD3+ T cells and CD8+ T cells decreased during aging and PHN. This implies that more attention should be paid to prevent the occurrence of PHN, especially in the aged population.

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In view of the characteristics of low speed mobile ship network, strong network dynamics and large signal interference, this paper proposes a low-rate mobile sensor network routing algorithm. In mobile wireless sensor networks, network topology changes frequently is a new challenge for resource constrained sensor node. Constantly updated network topology, sensor nodes need to exchange data frequently in order to maintain fresh route, resulting in sensor nodes consume a lot of energy. To solve this problem, to reduce control overhead is considered to be an effctive strategy. In this paper, we present a vector network-based dynamic routes (VNDR) scheme aims to minimize the control cost of the sensor nodes. We propose data exchange based on binary-coded vector address to reduce the control cost, moreover, we present a set of communication rules that govern the routes search procedure thereby requiring little cost of packet analysis to determine the next hop of node. VNDR performance was compared with well known scheme such as SPIN and DD. Simulation results show that, our VNDR scheme reduced the network control overhead and improved network lifetime.