To counter the sensitivity of kurtosis for the random pulse, a novel periodic detection index based on the log-squared envelope harmonic noise ratio (LSEHNR) is constructed, and then, a novel LSEHNRgram feature extraction method is proposed by introducing the maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform (MODWPT). Firstly, MODWPT is used to decompose the frequency band of the signal and a series of subsignals are obtained from each stage of decomposition, which are called nodes. Secondly, autocorrelation of the log-squared envelope for each node at each level is computed; calculate the LSEHNR, simultaneously. Then, the LSEHNR values of all nodes are calculated and the node with the maximal of the LSEHNR value is selected for spectrum analysis. Finally, the square envelope spectrum (SES) analysis is performed on the in-band filtered signal to extract the transient characteristics of the rolling bearing fault. The experimental results indicate that the LSEHNRgram method can accurately detect the demodulation frequency band and enhance the fault features under the condition of the low noise-to-signal ratio (SNR). The effectiveness of the method is verified on numerical and experimental datasets by comparison with autogram, infogram, and fast kurtgram methods.