Objective More than 2 billion women are experiencing menopause transition in China and some of them suffered from depression; while the risk factors of depression during menopause transition were still unclearin China. We aimed to investigate the risk factors in mid-life women in Southeast China. Method This study included 1748 Chinese women aged 40–65 years-old who visited gynecology outpatient department of Women’s hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University during 2010–2018. Demographic information was collected, and the modified Kupperman Menopausal Index (mKMI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were assessed. Circulating levels of sex hormones were tested. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for depression. Results The prevalence of depression symptoms was 47.43%. The majority of women had mild (38.56%) or moderate depressive symptoms (8.00%); only 0.86% had severe depressive symptoms. Compared with perimenopausal women, postmenopausal women had increased risks of more severe depression. The associations between menopausal syndromes and the intensity of depression were strongly positive (OR 6.69, 95% CI 5.39–8.29). Elder age, higher follicle stimulating hormone levels, lower estradiol levels, and fewer parity were positively related with the intensity of depression. Among postmenopausal women, underweight, mKMI > 14, earlier age at menopause, shorter reproductive period, and longer duration after menopause were risk factors for incresed intensity of depression. Conclusions The results demonstrated a high proportion of depression in women complaining of menopause. Menopausal symptoms were strongly related to the intensity of depression. In postmenopausal women, estrogen related events are associated with the intensity of depression. Gynecological endocrinologists in China should consider screening for depression in high-risk women.

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Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm of the uterus and a major source of morbidity for women. We report an overview of trends in uterine fibroids of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs) in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years and associations with age, period, and birth cohort. Methods: The incidence, prevalence, and YLDs were derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019) study. We utilized an age-period-cohort (APC) model to estimate annual percentage changes in age-standardized rate (ASR) for incidence, ASR for prevalence, ASR for YLDs (net drifts), annual percentage changes from 10 - 14 years to 65 - 69 years (local drifts), period and cohort relative risks (period/cohort effects) between 1990 to 2019. Results: Globally, the incident cases, prevalent cases, and the number of YLDs of uterine fibroids increased from 1990 to 2019 with the growth of 67.07%, 78.82% and 77.34%, respectively. High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high-middle SDI quintiles with decreasing trends (net drift < 0.0%), and increasing trends (net drift > 0.0%) were observed in middle SDI, low-middle SDI, and low SDI quintiles in annual percentage change of ASR for incidence, ASR for prevalence and ASR for YLDs over the past 30 years. There were 186 countries and territories that showed an increasing trend in ASR for incidence, 183 showed an increasing trend in ASR for prevalence and 174 showed an increasing trend in ASR for YLDs. Moreover, the effects of age on uterine fibroids increased with age and peaked at 35 - 44 years and then declined with advancing age. Both the period and cohort effects on uterine fibroids showed increasing trend in middle SDI, low-middle SDI and low SDI quintiles in recent 15 years and birth cohort later than 1965. Conclusions: The global burden of uterine fibroids is becoming more serious in middle SDI, low-middle SDI and low SDI quintiles. Raising awareness of uterine fibroids, increasing medical investment and improving levels of medical care are necessary to reduce future burden.

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Background: Previous studies have indicated that women with longer time since menopause are at higher risk of CVD. Moreover, Menopause-associated CVD risk is largely attributed to the change towards an atherogenic lipid profile. Few studies concerning association between years since menopause with lipid profile and there has been no consistent conclusion yet. This study was to explore the association of years since menopause with lipid profile in postmenopausal Chinese women.Methods: 633 postmenopausal women were recruited from Zhejiang, China in 2015-2021. Questionnaire-based interview on sociodemographic and reproductive information were obtained from each participant. Anthropometric measures, lipid profile and reproductive hormones were assessed. Based on the time since menopause, subjects were classified into three groups (group 1, 346 women with time since menopause < 2 years; group 2, 215 women with time since menopause 2-5.9 years; group 3, 72 women with time since menopause ≥ 6 years). The differences of lipid profile and reproductive hormones among groups were compared across three groups. Logistic and liner regression were performed to investigated the association of years since menopause with lipid profile.Results: The age (mean ± SD) of 633 subjects was 50.3 ± 6.0 years. HDL-C, LH levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with time since menopause ≥ 6 years compared to those with < 2 years, whereas LDL-C levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05 for all). Further adjustment for age, BMI and other confounders, longer time since menopause was independently associated with lower levels of HDL-C (β, -0.059, SE, 0.023, P < 0.01). Compared to women who had been menopause for less than 2 years, those with more than 6 years had lower HDL-C levels after adjustment for age, BMI, and other confounders (β, -0.123, 95% CI, [-0.221, -0.014], P < 0.05).Conclusions: Longer time since menopause was associated with lower levels of HDL-C in postmenopausal Chinese women.