A recently developed class of magnetic field sensors is based on the action of a magnetostrictive material on a piezoelectric material. Described here is a significant improvement on this class, a passive magnetic field sensor made of layers of Terfenol-D {Fe 2 (Dy 0.7 Tb 0.3 )} magnetostrictive material and ceramic PZT-5. These devices show a large magnetic field sensitivity of order 6 kV/T. Application of this device to harvesting vibration energy indicates that more than 10 mW of electrical power can be harvested using a Terfenol-D/PZT/ Terfenol-D sandwich (volume = 1 cm 3 ) from 30 Hz vibrations having an acceleration of 0.5 g.

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In this work, we experimentally and numerically studied the microstructures and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formed in Al-Fe (aluminum-steel) joints welded by a pulsed double electrode gas