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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) severely threaten the ecological environment and human health even at low concentration because most of them are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. In this study, a hydrothermal synthetic manganese-based compound, namely cryptomelane manganese oxide (K 2−x Mn 8 O 16) nanorod aerogels and a redox product of K 2 S 2 O 8 and MnSO 4 , is chosen as an adsorbent for acetaldehyde removal. Insights were gained into the functions of potassium sulphate (K 2 SO 4) and the mechanisms of generating nanorods in the solution phase. The structures, morphologies, specific area and pore size distribution of composites were characterised by N 2 adsorptiondesorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and the results showed that VOCs removal by adsorption onto K 2−x Mn 8 O 16 nanorod aerogels could be used as a potential method for eliminating VOCs in terms of efficiency.