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Target tracking is crucial to many applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Existing tracking schemes used in WSNs can basically be classified two categories, clustering and predicting. Considering network clustering consumes much energy for limited-energy WSNs, a predicting target tracking scheme is proposed called MC-MPMC (measurement compensation-based mixture population Monte Carlo) which tracks the target based on predicted locations in this work. Adaptive mixture PMC model for generating proposals varying from each iteration is proposed to guarantee sampling diversity. And also, extra measurements or observations generating method is introduced to compensate missed prediction locations or false estimations, avoiding tracking behavior degradation. Firstly, samples drawn from the proposals of next iteration can be generated by a mixture method to avoid sample degeneracy. Secondly, sample weights are jointly computed based on adaptive fusion of compensation measurement and true measurements. Thirdly, HTC method is combined to MC-MPMC scheme to decrease energy consumption in WSNs. Then, the proposed method is verified through comprehensive experiments about tracking error, delay and consumption predictions. Moreover, performance comparisons of MC-MPMC with other tracking schemes are also proposed.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have revolutionized the world of distributed systems and enabled many new applications. And, measurement data or information exchanges happened in WSNs without location information are meaningless. It is extremely urgent to establish and maintain low cost and high efficient localization schemes for real-time large-scale surveillance systems. In this work, an improved DVhop (Distance Vector-hop) based localization scheme IDV-hop (improved DV-hop) embedded in WLS (weighted least square) method is proposed for the purpose of surrounding surveillance, object localization for early warning, rescue operations and restructuring plan et al. Two critical parameters, correction coefficient k c and weighted coefficient w s,i , are introduced into IDV-hop scheme to improve location performance. And then, NS-2 simulations demonstrate that analysis results match well with simulation results. Besides, performance comparisons of IDV-hop scheme with other DV-hop based schemes are also proposed. Analysis and comparison results show that localization delay and accuracy of IDV-hop is improved largely relative to other schemes, especially for higher node density.

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The Poisson multi-Bernoulli Mixture (PMBM) filter, as well as its variants, is a popular and practical multitarget tracking algorithm. There are some pending problems for the standard PMBM filter, such as unknown detection probability, random target newborn distribution, and high energy consumption for limited computational and processing capacity in sensor networks. For the sake of accommodating these existing problems, an improved multitarget tracking method based on a PMBM filter with adaptive detection probability and adaptive newborn distribution is proposed, accompanied by an associated distributed fusion strategy to reduce the computational complexities. Firstly, gamma (GAM) distribution is introduced to present the augmented state of unknown and changing target detection probability. Secondly, the intensity of newborn targets is adaptively derived from the inverse gamma (IG) distribution based on this augmented state. Then, the measurement likelihood is presented as a gamma distribution for the augmented state. On these bases, the detailed recursion and closed-form solutions to the proposed filter are derived by means of approximating the intensity of target birth and potential targets to an inverse gamma Gaussian mixture (IGGM) form and the density of existing Bernoulli components to a single IGGM form. Moreover, the associated distributed fusion strategy generalized covariance intersection (GCI), whose target states are measured by multiple sensors according to their respective fusion weights, is applied to a large-scale aquaculture tracking network. Comprehensive experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness of this IGGM–PMBM method, and comparisons with other multitarget tracking filters also demonstrate that tracking behaviors are largely improved; in particular, tracking energy consumption is reduced sharply, and tracking accuracy is relatively enhanced.