BackgroundNo clinically proven effective antiviral strategy exists for the epidemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 . MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label multicenter trial involving adult patients with COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive conventional therapy plus Umifenovir (Arbidol) (200mg*3/day) or Favipiravir (1600mg*2/first day followed by 600mg*2/day) for 10 days. The primary outcome was clinical recovery rate of Day 7. Latency to relief for pyrexia and cough, the rate of auxiliary oxygen therapy (AOT) or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NMV) were the secondary outcomes. Safety data were collected for 17 days.

Basic principles of capillary-induced adhesion and roughness-enhanced hydrophobicity are utilized to design three superhydrophobic porous-nanostructure models whose adhesion forces ranged from strong to weak. The design idea is well supported by experimental results, which indicated that adhesive forces may be tailored by modifying structural morphologies to manipulate solid-liquid contact behavior and air-pocket composition in open or sealed systems.National Nature Science Foundation of China [50571085, 20773100, 20620130427, 20773135]; National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program [2007CB935603]; Technology Program of Fujian and Xiamen, China [2007H0031, 3502Z20073004]; Chinese Academy of Science

Background SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths, and, since Aug 11, 2020, 20 intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in adults without COVID-19 from China. Method This was a randomised, single-centre, open-label, phase 1 trial done in Zhongnan Hospital (Wuhan, China), to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine by aerosol inhalation in adults (≥18 years) seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. Breastfeeding or pregnant women and people with major chronic illnesses or history of allergies were excluded. Participants were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) into five groups to be vaccinated via intramuscular injection, aerosol inhalation, or both. Randomisation was stratified by sex and age (18–55 years or ≥56 years) using computer-generated randomisation sequences (block sizes of five). Only laboratory staff were masked to group assignment. The participants in the two aerosol groups received an initial high dose (2 × 10 10 viral particles; HDmu group) or low dose (1 × 10 10 viral particles; LDmu group) of Ad5-nCoV vaccine on day 0, followed by a booster on day 28. The mixed vaccination group received an initial intramuscular (5 × 10 10 viral particles) vaccine on day 0, followed by an aerosolised booster (2 × 10 10 viral particles) vaccine on day 28 (MIX group). The intramuscular groups received one dose (5 × 10 10 viral particles; 1Dim group) or two doses (10 × 10 10 viral particles; 2Dim group) of Ad5-nCoV on day 0. The primary safety outcome was adverse events 7 days after each vaccination, and the primary immunogenicity outcome was anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor IgG antibody and SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody geometric mean titres at day 28 after last vaccination. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04552366. Findings Between Sept 28, 2020, and Sept 30, 2020, 230 individuals were screened for inclusion, of whom 130 (56%) participants were enrolled into the trial and randomly assigned into one of the five groups (26 participants per group). Within 7 days after vaccination, adverse events occurred in 18 (69%) in the HDmu group, 19 (73%) in the LDmu group, 19 (73%) in the MIX group, 19 (73%) in the 1Dim group, and 15 (58%) in the 2Dim group. The most common adverse events reported 7 days after the first or booster vaccine were fever (62 [48%] of 130 participants), fatigue (40 [31%] participants), and headache (46 [35%] participants). More adverse events were reported in participants who received intramuscular vaccination, including participants in the MIX group (49 [63%] of 78 participants), than those who received aerosol vaccine (13 [25%] of 52 participants) after the first vaccine va...

A simple electrochemical and self-assembly method was adopted for the fabrication of superhydrophobic spongelike nanostructured TiO2 surfaces with markedly controllable adhesion. Water adhesion ranging from ultralow (5.0 μN) to very high (76.6 μN) can be tuned through adjusting the nitro cellulose dosage concentrations. The detailed experiments and analyses have indicated that the significant increase of adhesion by introducing nitrocellulose is ascribed to the combination of hydrogen bonding between the nitro groups and the hydroxyl groups at the solid/liquid interfaces and the disruption of the densely packed hydrophobic 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PTES) molecule. A mechanism has been proposed to explain the formation of superhydrophobic TiO2 films with distinct adhesion.