Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by macrophage activation. The current characteristics, hotspots, and research frontiers of macrophage-related RA were analyzed using bibliometric analysis. Relatedpapers published from 2000 to 2021 in the Web of Science database were retrieved. The diagrams were generated and analyzed using the bibliometric software package. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to evaluate and visualize the research trends and hotspots in macrophage-related RA. A total of 7253 original articles were obtained. Global research on macrophage-related RA is in an advanced stage of development, with core authors, teams and research institutions emerging. United States has published the most papers, received the most citations, and had the highest H-index over the last 22 years. The University of Amsterdam and the journal of Arthritis and Rheumatism are the most productive research institutions and journals. Tak PP’s (St Vincent’s Hospital) paper has the highest publication and citation scores. The keywords “bone loss” and “polarization” have the highest frequency. Additionally, the study of macrophage polarization in RA has been research focus in recent years. This study demonstrates that research on macrophages in RA will continue. China is a significant producer, whereas the United States is an influential nation in this regard. In the last decade, most studies have concentrated on fundamental research. Recent studies have shown how macrophages play a role in controlling and weakening inflammation, and drug delivery and mechanism have come to the fore.

BackgroundHere, a bibliometric and knowledge map analysis are used to analyze the research hot spots and development trends regarding the antibacterial effect of lactoferrin (LF). By looking for research hot spots and new topics, we provide new clues and research directions for future research.MethodsArticles and reviews regarding the antibacterial effect of LF were retrieved and from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 25 June 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct the bibliometric and knowledge map analysis.ResultsIn total, 8,292 authors at 2,151 institutions from 86 countries published 1,923 articles in 770 academic journals. The United States was the leader regarding research on the antibacterial effects of LF, while the Netherlands was a pioneer in conducting research in this field. The University of California system contributed the most publications. Bolscher JGM published most articles, while Wayne Bellamy had most cocitations. However, there was insufficient cooperation among the various institutions and authors. BioMetals published most LF-antibacterial activity-related articles, whereas Infection and Immunity was most commonly cocited journal. The most influential research hot spots about the antibacterial effect of LF focused on antimicrobial peptides, casein, human milk, expression, and Escherichia coli-related research. The latest hot spots and research frontier included COVID-19, antibiofilm activity, and immune defense.ConclusionsLF is a multifunctional protein with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. The related field of antibacterial properties of LF will remain a research hot spot in future.

Employee compensation is the reward that reflects its value in providing services to the enterprise, including monetary compensation and non-monetary compensation. Monetary compensation refers to the economic income measured in currency obtained by employees by completing the work in their own positions, while non-monetary benefits are those that cannot be measured in currency, such as the distribution of self-produced products and provision of benefits such as health care services. Therefore, remuneration is a measure and manifestation of the value that employees bring to the company for their services. In this paper, reviews on the relationship between cash compensation of senior executives and bank performance are conducted from the aspects of definition of compensation requirement and bank performance, worldwide theoretical reviews, and empirical reviews. Based on the analysis of relationship between compensation and bank performance as well as managerial discretion and pay-performance sensitivity in different literatures, the laggings in China’s studies are discussed in the end.

As an important tool for global climate governance, carbon emissions trading systems have received a lot of attention. Rising carbon emissions do lead to 'non-linear' shocks to the global climate and the economy-society-region. The greenhouse effect of carbon emissions may generate new economic costs and the Chinese government nowadays has attached great importance to low carbon sustainable development as well. This article presents the background of China's carbon emissions trading on sustainable urban development and the countermeasures taken by the Chinese government. By examining the current combination of China's economic and policy goals for carbon neutrality, it provides an in-depth analysis of the implications of the establishment of carbon markets for sustainable development and concludes the article with policy responses and recommendations for the early achievement of climate change goals. To this point, the implementation of carbon emissions in China offers a diverse and attractive sustainable development opportunity for all players in the ecosystem.