A new technology, a freeze-dissolving method, has been developed to isolate nanoparticles or ultrafine powder and is a more efficient and sustainable method than the traditional freeze-drying method. In this work, frozen spherical ice particles were produced with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate at various concentrations to generate nanoparticles of NaHCO 3 or (NH 4 )(H 2 PO 4 ). The freeze-drying method sublimates ice, and nanoparticles of NaHCO 3 or (NH 4 )(H 2 PO 4 ) in the ice templates remain. The freeze-dissolving method dissolves ice particles in a low freezing point solvent at temperatures below 0 °C, and then, nanoparticles of NaHCO 3 or (NH 4 )(H 2 PO 4 ) can be isolated after filtration. The freeze-dissolving method is 100 times faster with about 100 times less energy consumption than the freeze-drying method as demonstrated in this work with a much smaller facility footprint and produces the same quantity of nanoparticles with a more uniform size distribution.

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The solubility of cytosine in fourteen pure solvents at 288.15–328.15 K was determined by the gravimetric method, and the solubility data were correlated using the modified Apelblat equation, the λh model, and the van′t Hoff equation. The relative deviation (RD), average relative deviation (ARD), and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values of the above models were calculated. The results showed that the three models have a good correlation with experimental data. Especially, the modified Apelblat equation had the best correlation effect on solubility. Theoretical knowledge of solubility is essential for the crystallization of cytosine.