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Generally, socioeconomic status (SES) is associate with family income, parental education and parental occupation, which affects students' academic development. In this paper, we investigate the effects of SES on education expectation from the perspective of cultural background. Specifically, the cultural differences between White American students and Chinese students have been analysed. In addition, the relationship between SES and education expectation among Chinese college students is evaluated. The data of Chinese college students are collected from a sample of 57 male and 99 female (between the ages of 15 to 22) based on online questionnaires. Their family income, parental education, parental occupation, students' possibility to enter higher education, and students' educational expectancy are classified in the questionnaires. As for white American culture, this study utilized a mixed-method to analyze 7 related articles and exploit the data. It is found that there's no significant positive relationship between SES and higher education attendance or education expectations among Chinese students. In fact, Chinese students from all SES have relatively high willingness and expectation to enter higher education. With regard to White American students, the family income, parental education and parental occupation significantly relate to their higher education attendance. Besides, in order to explain the phenomenon, social awareness about equal education opportunities were also discussed with corresponding implications. The cross-cultural comparison of beliefs, attitudes and behaviours that result in students' higher education attendance and Education Expectation will help better understanding students' development.

With the huge demand for building underground spaces, deep foundation pits are becoming more and more common in underground construction. Due to the serious effects associated with accidents that occur in deep foundation pits, it is very important for underground construction safety management to be proactive, targeted, and effective. This research develops a conceptual framework adopting BIM and IoT to aid the identification and evaluation of hazards in deep foundation pit construction sites using an automated early warning system. Based on the accident analysis, the system framework of Safety Management System of Deep Foundation Pits (SMSoDFP) is proposed; it includes a function requirement, system modules, and information needs. Further, the implementation principles are studied; they cover hazardous areas, namely, visualization, personnel position monitoring, structural deformation monitoring, and automatic warning. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the system proposed. This research provides suggestions for on-site management and information integration of deep foundation pits, with a view to improving the safety management efficiency of construction sites and reducing accidents.

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