Background: Augmented reality (AR) is a new human-computer interaction technology that combines virtual reality, computer vision, and computer networks. With the rapid advancement of the medical field towards intelligence and data visualisation, AR systems are becoming increasingly popular in the medical field because they can provide doctors with clear enough medical images and accurate image navigation in practical applications. However, it has been discovered that different display types of AR systems have different effects on doctors' perception of the image after virtual-real fusion during the actual medical application. If doctors cannot correctly perceive the image, they may be unable to correctly match the virtual information with the real world, which will have a significant impact on their ability to recognise complex structures. Methods: This paper uses Citespace, a literature analysis tool, to visualise and analyse the research hotspots when AR systems are used in the medical field. Results: A visual analysis of the 1163 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database reveals that display technology and visualisation technology are the key research directions of AR systems at the moment. Conclusion: This paper categorises AR systems based on their display principles, reviews current image perception optimisation schemes for various types of systems, and analyses and compares different display types of AR systems based on their practical applications in the field of smart medical care so that doctors can select the appropriate display types based on different application scenarios.

Because the oral and maxillofacial areas are adjacent to important organs such as the brain and the eyes and contain a rich network of nerves and blood vessels, this poses a great challenge for surgery of the oral and maxillofacial areas. Traditional treatment protocols rely excessively on the physician's clinical experience and imagination for preoperative planning and do not provide intuitive and reliable intraoperative guidance to the physician during surgery. With the rapid development of medical imaging technology, computer-aided dynamic intraoperative navigation (CADIN) has been introduced into the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery for its ability to accurately locate key anatomical structures intraoperatively and provide the surgeon with a safe surgical boundary in real time. However, the vast majority of surgeries in oral and maxillofacial surgery are still dominated by traditional surgical methods without intraoperative guidance or computer-assisted static navigation (CASN), and CADIN techniques are not widely used. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review of the application of CADIN technology in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery from 2018-2023 by searching the PubMed database, discusses the problems faced in the actual clinical application of CADIN technology in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, and proposes solutions to improve the accuracy and application scope of CADIN technology in the future.