China is still faced with a challenge in cancer pain management. The purposes of this study are to assess the current status of cancer pain management, and physicians' attitudes in China towards cancer pain management. The survey was done in a Chinese general hospital; 427 physicians and 387 cancer pain patients participated. The survey consisted of questionnaires to evaluate cancer pain management and physicians' knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cancer pain management. A total of 43% of patients with cancer pain and 51% with bone pain felt that they had been inadequately treated. The physicians rated the main reason for not using opioid drugs as the strong and difficult to control side-effects. The four main barriers to optimal management of cancer pain were: inadequate pain assessment; excessive state regulation of the prescribing of opioids; inadequate staff knowledge of pain management; and lack of access to powerful analgesics. To conclude: In China, there are some special aspects of cancer pain management, including physicians' concern about using opioid drugs, fear of being unable to manage adverse effects of opioids, and inadequately treated bone pain.

To assess the clinical effects and safety of Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ) for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), three English databases and four Chinese databases were searched through the inception to January 2015. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HQJZ with placebo, no intervention and western medicine were included. A total of 9 RCTs involving 979 participants were identified. The methodological quality of the included trials was generally poor. Meta-analyses demonstrated that HQJZ plus conventional medicine was more effective in improving overall gastroscopy outcome than western medicine alone for treatment of chronic superficial gastritis with the pooling result of overall improvement [OR 3.78 (1.29,11.06), P = 0.02]. In addition, the combination of HQJZ with antibiotics has higher overall effect rate than antibiotics alone for the treatment of CG [OR 2.60 (1.49,4.54), P = 0.0007]. There were no serious adverse events reported in both the intervention and controlled groups. HQJZ has the potential of improvement of the patients' gastroscopy outcomes, Helicobacter pylori clearance rate, traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes, and overall effect rate alone or in combination use with conventional western medicine for chronic atrophic gastritis. However, due to poor methodological quality, the beneficial effect and safeties of HQJZ for CG could not be confirmed.

Surface functionalization of two-dimensional crystals is a key path to tuning their intrinsic physical and chemical properties. However, synthetic protocols and experimental strategies to directly probe chemical bonding in modified surfaces are scarce. Introduced herein is a mild, surfacespecific protocol for the surface functionalization of few-layer black phosphorus nanosheets using a family of photolytically generated nitrenes (RN) from the corresponding azides. By embedding spectroscopic tags in the organic backbone, a multitude of characterization techniques are employed to investigate in detail the chemical structure of the modified nanosheets, including vibrational, X-ray photoelectron, solid state 31 P NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. To directly probe the functional groups introduced on the surface, R fragments were selected such that in conjunction with vibrational spectroscopy, 15 N-labeling experiments, and DFT methods, diagnostic P = N vibrational modes indicative of iminophosphorane units on the nanosheet surface could be conclusively identified.

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