PurposeTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of stroke-related sarcopenia (SRS) in hospitalized patients receiving rehabilitation treatment.MethodsApproximately, 259 patients with stroke that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively recruited between June 2020 and July 2022. The epidemiologic data, history, clinical data, and measured data of the skeletal muscle index were collected. The patients were divided into the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia group for comparison and analysis with the univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsSRS was presented in 121 (46.7%) patients with a mean age of 59.6 ± 9.7 years, including 42 women and 79 men. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following parameters to be significant (p < 0.05) risk factors for SRS: college degree or above (OR, 2.1, 95% CI, 1.1–4.1), ICU stay (OR, 1.7, 95% CI, 1.06–2.8), pneumonia (OR, 1.9, 9% CI, 1.1–3.6), walking ability (OR, 2.6, 95% CI, 1.5–4.6), cognitive impairment (OR, 1.8, 95%, 1.1–2.9), aphasia (OR, 2.1, 95% CI, 1.2–3.5), nasogastric feeding (OR, 3.7, 95%, 1.9–7.3), age (OR, 1.04, 95% CI, 1–1.1), and creatine kinase (OR, 1.1, 95% CI,0.9–1.2).ConclusionsOlder age, light weight, severer clinical conditions, cognitive impairment, and significantly decreased levels of albumin, RAG, creatinine, uric acid, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, prealbumin, iron, and creatine kinase are more significantly present in patients with SRS compared with those without SRS.

The quality of the physical language signals to which learners are exposed and which result in neurobiological activity leading to perception constitutes a variable that is rarely, if ever, considered in the context of language learning. It deserves some attention. The current study identifies an optimal audio language input signal for Chinese EFL/ESL learners generated by modifying the physical features of language-bearing audio signals. This is achieved by applying the principles of verbotonalism in a dichotic listening context. Low-pass filtered (320 Hz cut-off) and unfiltered speech signals were dichotically and diotically directed to each hemisphere of the brain through the contralateral ear. Temporal and spatial neural signatures for the processing of the signals were detected in a combined event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Results showed that the filtered stimuli in the left ear and unfiltered in the right ear (FL-R) configuration provided optimal auditory language input by actively exploiting left-hemispheric dominance for language processing and right-hemispheric dominance for melodic processing, i.e., each hemisphere was fed the signals that it should be best equipped to process—and it actually did so effectively. In addition, the filtered stimuli in the right ear and unfiltered in the left ear (L-FR) configuration was identified as entirely non-optimal for language learners. Other outcomes included significant load reduction through exposure to both-ear-filtered FL-FR signals as well as the confirmation that non-language signals were recognized by the brain as irrelevant to language and did not trigger any language processing. These various outcomes will necessarily entail further research.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) has a negative effect on activities of daily living. OBJECTIVE: Although a number of studies have been published on PSCI, no quantitative studies have yet been conducted. METHOD: CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to quantitatively analyze PSCI to illustrate the research hotspots and trends in PSCI. All relevant publications were extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) of the Web of Science (WoS). RESULTS: A total of 6536 articles were included in this study. From 349 in 2010 to 942 in 2020, the number of publications increased dramatically. The USA maintained the top position worldwide and provided a vital influence. Harvard University was considered the leader in research collaboration among all institutions. Stroke was the most popular journal in this sector and Vincent Mok published the most articles in this area. We analyzed the keywords and identified five research hotspot clusters. By summarizing the literature on PSCI, we considered the publication information regarding different countries, institutions, authors and journals. CONCLUSION: The mechanism of PSCI is an active hotspot. Cerebral vascular disease, especially white matter lesions, also received more attention.

Objective In this study, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation was used to treat patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The microstructural changes of the spinal cord before and after transplantation were observed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods From January 2014 to May 2015, seven patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. In the experimental group, both UC-MSC transplantation and comprehensive rehabilitation treatment were applied, while the control group received only comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) sensory and motor scores and the degree of SCI, spasticity, and urine/defecation functions were measured and evaluated together with DTI before the treatment and again at two and six months after the first treatment. Results From the DTI, the changes in the fractional anisotropy (FA) value and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were as follows: in the experimental group, there were significant differences in the FA and ADC values before and after treatment (P < 0.05) with a decreased ADC value and an increased FA value. The differences in the ADC and FA values of the normal layer and the lesion layer before and after treatment were compared. The differences in ADC and FA at the lesion layer before and after transplantation were greater than those of the normal layer, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, one patient with incomplete SCI and one patient with a short course of complete SCI improved in terms of light touch, acupuncture sensation, and motor score. One patient with incomplete SCI achieved improvement in spasticity and urine/defecation functions. Conclusion The combination of UC-MSC transplantation and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy could help to promote the structural repair of the spinal nerve in patients with SCI.

Aims The Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), a minimum data set instrument of the interRAI, was initially designed to evaluate cognition in residential care and has demonstrated strong diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and validity of the CPS in the post‐acute care setting among post‐stroke patients hospitalized in rehabilitation wards. Design Mixed methods. Methods The observational study was conducted in rehabilitation wards. Diagnostic accuracy was used to explore the level of agreement between CPS and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in 321 inpatients (62.12 years; 68.2% male). Results The diagnostic accuracy of the CPS was poor when MoCA was less than 24 as a gold standard, with an area under the curve of 0.69 (standard error 0.03, 95% confidence interval = 0.62–0.75). The CPS had a poor to moderate correlation with MoCA (rs = −.35).