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BackgroundIn this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) surgery.

Objectives: Extra Levator Abdominoperineal Excision (ELAPE) is an emerging technique for the management of locally advanced distal rectal cancers. Current evidence suggests that this technique is associated with better oncological outcomes and hence survival. Extra levator abdominoperineal excision is associated with significant perineal complications both in short and long term. The objective of the current study is to emphasize on the early wound complications of the above-mentioned procedure. Study Design: It was a retrospective observational study with continent sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at department of Surgical Oncology Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center Lahore, Pakistan. The study period was from 1st January 2014 to 31st December, 2019. Patients and Methods: A total of 84 patients were included in the study who underwent extra levator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE). All patients undergoing extra levator abdominoperineal excision during the said period were included. Results: A total of 84 patients underwent Extra Levator Abdominoperineal Excision between January 2014 and December 2019. Wound infection was observed in 32 (38.09%) of the patients. Wound dehiscence was seen is five patients. Median day of detection of infection was day 10 (5-22). Median hospital stay was 7 (4-22) days. Conclusion: Extra Levator Abdominoperineal Excision is a procedure with significant perineal wound complication rate. The occurrence of perineal wound complications is multifactorial. Judicial use of the procedure is warranted

Introduction: Insulinoma of pancreas is a rare neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Mostly insulinomas are benign and solitary. They can have association with multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN -1). Insulinomas presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. Most of the times the symptoms are vague and result in delay in the diagnosis and hence management. After appropriate diagnostic and localization investigations along with metastatic workup, surgery is the treatment of choice. Surgery can offer cure. Minimally invasive surgery can offer potential benefits of minimal morbidity and at least equal oncological outcomes. Study Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanam Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center (SKMCH&RC), from January 2011 to March 2020. Methodology: We studied a total of five patients that presented to SKMCH&RC in the above-mentioned period. Detailed clinical information of these five patients, including sociodemographic variables, symptomatology, diagnostic and localization investigations, clinical and pathological staging, comprehensive details of surgery, postoperative course, oncological outcomes, postoperative resolution of symptoms, postoperative diabetes, prognosis and follow up duration were analysed. The record was being retrospectively retrieved from Hospital Information System (HIS) that is prospectively maintained. We are a paperless hospital and all data and record of the patient is maintained through HIS. Results: A total of five patients presented to SKMCH&RC with a mean age of 41 (18 -80) years. The median duration of symptoms was 24 (6-60) months. Symptomatic hypoglycemia was present in all 5 (100%) of the patients. Tumor distribution in the pancreas was as follows; uncinate 1 (20%), body 1 (20%) and tail 3 (60%). All five patients (100%) were treated by surgery. Resolution of symptoms occurred in all five (100%) of the patients. Conclusion: Insulinoma of pancreas is a rare disease with varied symptomatology, physicians shall have an index of suspicion for this disorder to aid early diagnosis that is pivotal for the management and prevention of possible fatal complications of hypoglycemia. Appropriate diagnostic and localizing investigations are required. Adequate surgery can offer cure. Minimally invasive surgery can be safely offered with equal oncological outcomes.

Background: Child Labor is any kind of work that harms or exploits the children in some way (physically, mentally, morally or blocking access to education). Child labor is quite common in Pakistan, and is still ignored; which depicts the society's attitudes towards child care. Child labor is an ethical dilemma and special attention must be given to this issue. Objective: To determine the factors responsible for child labor in Shadman Market Lahore. Study design: Descriptive, Cross sectional. Place and duration: Shadman Colony Lahore, July-August 2010. Methodology: Structured Pretested questionnaire was used to asses the factors responsible for child labor. Results: Large family size, low income per capita and parental illiteracy were shown to be responsible for child labor. Conclusion: Family size, income per capita and patrental education has a large scale effect on child labor.Key words:- Child labor, Family size, income per capita, parental education.