Background Medical education needs to strengthen its focus on improving the humanistic quality of medical students while improving their medical knowledge and skills. This study aims to identify and integrate the current literature and research hotspots on raising medical students' humanistic literacy to provide a reference for researchers. Methods CiteSpace is a Java application which supports visual exploration with knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases. We searched the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) database for articles published between 1995 and 2022. "Humanistic quality of medical students" was the key search term. Titles and abstracts were screened and extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The CiteSpace software was used to retrieve 941 humanistic quality journal articles geared toward medical students from the CNKI database up to April 2022. A comprehensive review was conducted on these articles to reveal the current situation and hotspots of research aimed at improving medical students’ humanistic quality. Results The study found that the number of publications on humanities literacy research for medical students has increased overall over the past 20 years, although a certain graph shows an inverted S-shaped fluctuation. Research on improving the humanistic quality of Chinese medical students is predominantly conducted by medical colleges. No single author or institutional core group dominates the field of research on medical students' humanistic qualities. The main study focuses on humanistic qualities, medical students, higher vocational students, and higher vocational colleges. Conclusion Based on the research trends of medical students' humanistic literacy, combined with CiteSpace’s visual knowledge maps, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the main authors, institutions, and research hotspots in humanistic literacy for medical students. The information in this study is most valuable to researchers interested in medical student education. This study summarizes the current development and ideological foundations of humanistic literacy among medical students in China. This study helps researchers to grasp the scientific development and research issues in the field of humanistic literacy of medical students in China.

BackgroundAcute cerebral infarction is a serious disease threatening to human life and health, causing a serious disease burden on the patient himself, his family and society. The purpose of this study is to reasonably predict the cost of grouping DRG cases in patients with acute cerebral infarction and to provide reference for medical insurance payment decision-making. MethodsWe used the case coding system to retrieve 1425 elderly hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction in 2021, and extracted the information from the first page of medical records, as well as used univariate and multiple linear regression analysis to screen node variables affecting hospitalization costs, and constructed a decision tree model for case group analysis of hospitalization costs.Result The age of the samples was 74.37±6.691 years old, and the hospitalization time was 13.15±10.629 days. The total hospitalization costs were 9589.94 yuan (6892.905, 14480.625 yuan), and gender, marriage, cost category, admission route, treatment outcome, complications, and treatment method were statistically significant from the total hospitalization costs (P < 0.05). The important factors affecting the total hospitalization costs include marriage, expense category, admission route, treatment outcome and treatment method (P < 0.05) . The standardized partial regression coefficient of treatment method is the largest, which shows that it has the greatest influence on the total hospitalization costs of elderly patients with cerebral infarction. The main independent variables affecting hospitalization costs of elderly patients with cerebral infarction include marriage, expense category, admission route, outcome and treatment method, which are important classification nodes variables of regression tree.ConclusionThe case grouping of hospitalization costs of elderly patients with cerebral infarction has good homogeneity and heterogeneity between groups, and the grouping is reasonable, which can provide some reference for the reform of medical insurance payment.

Objective: Analyzing the grouping effect of DRG in orthopedic spine surgery and influencing factors of hospitalization expenses, so as to provide the basis for DRG payment reform and control of medical expenses.Methods:The information of 248 cases of spinal surgery in sample hospitals was analyzed statistically, the grouping effect of DRG was evaluated by the coefficient of variation, and the influencing factors of hospitalization expenses were analyzed by single factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:Patients who underwent orthopedic spine surgery were divided into three DRG groups: IB19, IB21 and IB23, with CV values of 0.37, 0.47 and 0.44, respectively, all of which were less than 0.5. Univariate analysis showed that age, comorbidities, hospital stay, critical illness and anesthesia mode affected hospital expenses, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Payment method and gender did not affect the hospitalization expenses, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that comorbidities, hospitalization time, dying or seriously ill, anesthesia method and age were the main influencing factors of hospitalization expenses.Conclusion: The grouping of DRG in spine surgery cases can objectively reflect the level of medical resource consumption. Hospitals should use DRG payment reform as a breakthrough to promote clinical pathway management, standardize diagnosis and treatment procedures, shorten hospital stay, and control the unreasonable growth of medical expenses.

Objective: Analyzing the grouping effect of DRG in orthopedic spine surgery and influencing factors of hospitalization expenses, so as to provide the basis for DRG payment reform and control of medical expenses.Methods:The information of 248 cases of spinal surgery in sample hospitals was analyzed statistically, the grouping effect of DRG was evaluated by the coefficient of variation, and the influencing factors of hospitalization expenses were analyzed by single factor analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:Patients who underwent orthopedic spine surgery were divided into three DRG groups: IB19, IB21 and IB23, with CV values of 0.37, 0.47 and 0.44, respectively, all of which were less than 0.5. Univariate analysis showed that age, comorbidities, hospital stay, critical illness and anesthesia mode affected hospital expenses, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Payment method and gender did not affect the hospitalization expenses, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that comorbidities, hospitalization time, dying or seriously ill, anesthesia method and age were the main influencing factors of hospitalization expenses.Conclusion: The grouping of DRG in spine surgery cases can objectively reflect the level of medical resource consumption. Hospitals should use DRG payment reform as a breakthrough to promote clinical pathway management, standardize diagnosis and treatment procedures, shorten hospital stay, and control the unreasonable growth of medical expenses.