No abstract

Management of bone defects caused by trauma, osteomyelitis, and tumors is challenging, with many controversies over the optimal reconstruction method. Masquelet discovered induced membrane in management of large diaphyseal defects accidentally, and developed this technique with a concept of induced membrane. Induced membrane technique holds great potential for the reconstruction of bone defects, alternatively to manage this clinical challenge quiet easily. Induced membrane has unique structural characteristics and biological properties, which render this technique has an advantage of the time to bone healing is relatively independent of the length of bone defect. Herein, we reviewed the latest advances made in induced membrane technique and highlighted the concept of induced membrane in the management of bone defects.

Treatment with NIPPV compared with nCPAP decreased the need for endotracheal ventilation and increased favorable outcome in preterm and term infants with RDS.

BackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) presents a major threat of very preterm birth and treatment options are still limited. Stem cells from different sources have been used successfully in experimental BPD, induced by postnatal hyperoxia.ObjectivesWe investigated the effect of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) in a new double-hit mouse model of BPD.MethodsFor the double-hit, date mated mice were subjected to hypoxia and thereafter the offspring was exposed to hyperoxia. Human umbilical cord blood MNCs were given intraperitoneally by day P7. As outcome variables were defined: physical development (auxology), lung structure (histomorphometry), expression of markers for lung maturation and inflammation on mRNA and protein level. Pre- and postnatal normoxic pups and sham treated double-hit pups served as control groups.ResultsCompared to normoxic controls, sham treated double-hit animals showed impaired physical and lung development with reduced alveolarization and increased thickness of septa. Electron microscopy revealed reduced volume density of lamellar bodies. Pulmonary expression of mRNA for surfactant proteins B and C, Mtor and Crabp1 was reduced. Expression of Igf1 was increased. Treatment with umbilical cord blood MNCs normalized thickness of septa and mRNA expression of Mtor to levels of normoxic controls. Tgfb3 mRNA expression and pro-inflammatory IL-1β protein concentration were decreased.ConclusionThe results of our study demonstrate the therapeutic potential of umbilical cord blood MNCs in a new double-hit model of BPD in newborn mice. We found improved lung structure and effects on molecular level. Further studies are needed to address the role of systemic administration of MNCs in experimental BPD.