It is the first study to report the inhibitory effects of NRG on NAFLD, and the NRG-Nanolipo significantly improved oral absorption of NRG, thus improved liver protective effects of NRG on NAFLD.

Rational regulation of the three-dimensional (3D) intrinsic configuration of nanocatalysts is essential for the complex three-phase interfacial mass transfer process in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and proton membrane exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, we developed a highly efficient 3D hierarchical porous ORR catalytic system by introducing stable and multiaperture zirconia (ZrO 2 ) and conductive N-doped carbon (NC) into a Pt-based catalyst. We found that the constructed Pt−ZrO 2 interface greatly promotes the activation of O 2 by modulating the electronic state of Pt nanoparticles. The hierarchical porous structure of a NC-encapsulated nanoframework compensates for the system conductivity, promoting the mass diffusion and the electron transfer of catalytic species, thereby enhancing the ORR activity and stability. This developed hierarchical porous ORR catalytic system exhibits a good mass activity/specific activity of 1.26 A mg Pt −1 / 1.44 mA cm −2 , which is 4.5/5.8 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. Moreover, it exhibits negligible activity decay and morphological stability after 30 K potential cycling. Our findings of integrating hierarchical porous systems to simultaneously optimize the geometric and electric structure of Pt-based catalysts should finally boost their development in practical PEMFCs.

In eukaryote cells, lipid droplets (LDs) are key intracellular organelles that dynamically regulate cellular energy homeostasis. LDs originate from the ER and continuously contact the ER during their growth. How the ER affects LD growth is largely unknown. Here, we show that RNAi knockdown of acs-1, encoding an acyl-CoA synthetase required for the biosynthesis of monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids C15iso and C17iso, remarkably prevented LD growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dietary C17iso, or complex lipids with C17iso including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triacylglycerol, could fully restore the LD growth in the acs-1RNAi worms. Mechanistically, C17iso may incorporate into phospholipids to ensure the membrane integrity of the ER so as to maintain the function of ER-resident enzymes such as SCD/stearoyl-CoA desaturase and DGAT2/diacylglycerol acyltransferase for appropriate lipid synthesis and LD growth. Collectively, our work uncovers a unique fatty acid, C17iso, as the side chain of phospholipids for determining the ER homeostasis for LD growth in an intact organism, C. elegans.

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