In recent years, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a typical class of two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted wide attention because of its various fascinating properties. In this study, we fabricated MoS2 composite nanofibers by electrospinning technology combined with a doping method. The as-prepared MoS2 composite nanofibers exhibited excellent biocompatibility. In addition, the detailed investigation about the response of MoS2 composite nanofibers on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) indicated that the obtained MoS2 composite nanofibers could promote BMSC growth behavior, improve BMSC contact with each other, maintain cellular activity, and also provide positive promotion to regulate cellular proliferation. Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase expression significantly increased with increasing MoS2 concentration. Compared with the excellent biocompatibility and natural extracellular-matrix-like structure, we believe that the MoS2 composite nanofibers could provide new insight for the preparation of well-defined MoS2 nanostructure materials and will have promising potential in biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, photothermal therapy, etc.

A fluffy and porous (3D) HA composite fibrous scaffold was fabricated by employing an improved electrospinning technique combined with a bio-mineralization process.

Craniofacial defects can cause morbidness. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have shown great promise for osteogeneration and vascularization; therefore cocultures of differentiated ADSCs are explored to increase bone and vessel formation. In this study, ADSCs were induced into osteogenic ADSCs (os-ADSCs) and endothelial ADSCs (endo-ADSCs) cells, which were then cocultured in variable proportions (os-ADSCs/endo-ADSCs = 2:1, 1:1, 1:2). The os-ADSCs in a ratio of 1:1 expressed more ALP, RUNX2 and COL-I, whereas VEGF, vWF and CD31 were upregulated in the endo-ADSCs of this group. Next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of cocultured ADSCs. The os-ADSCs and endo-ADSCs interacted with each other during osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation, especially at the ratio of 1:1, and were regulated by vascular-related genes, cell-mediated genes, bone-related genes and the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway (TGF-β), mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (MAPK) and wnt signaling pathway (Wnt). Angptl4, apoe, mmp3, bmp6, mmp13 and fgf18 were detected to be up-regulated, and cxcl12 and wnt5a were down-regulated. The results showed that the gene expression levels were consistent with that in RNA-seq. The cells were then seeded into self-assembling peptide RADA16-I scaffolds as cocultures (1:1) and monocultures (ADSCs, os-ADSCs, endo-ADSCs). The results showed that the cells of all groups grew and proliferated well on the scaffolds, and the cocultured group exhibited better osteogeneration and vascularization. In conclusion, cocultured os-ADSCs and endo-ADSCs at the ratio of 1:1 showed strong osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation. There is a great potential for osteogenesis and vascularization by 3D culturing cells in a 1:1 ratio in self-assembling peptide RADA16-I scaffolds, which requires evaluation for bone regeneration in vivo.