Aims Interleukin (IL)‐17 is associated with autoimmunity. This study aimed to affirm the role of IL‐17A, IL‐17F and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to them and their receptors in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) for Chinese population. Methods In this study, 130 patients with autoimmune T1D and 140 non‐T1D controls were included for analysis. Clinical and biochemical data were collected, and serum levels of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐6, and high‐sensitivity C reactive protein were measured using ELISA. The SNPs rs2275913, rs8193036, rs3819025, rs763780, rs879577, rs4819554, and rs708567 were genotyped using the SNaPshot assay. Results IL‐17A levels were higher in patients with autoimmune T1D than in controls (median [IQR] 28.83[37.38] vs. 16.68[8.10], p < 0.001) and high IL‐17A was a risk factor for autoimmune T1D (odds ratio (OR), 1.013; 95% CI, 1.003–1.023; p = 0.013) after adjusting for confounding factors. Linear regression analysis revealed that log10IL‐17A levels were independently associated with fasting C‐peptide, IL‐6, body mass index, and IL‐17F. However, no independent association was found between IL‐17F and autoimmune T1D. The GG genotype of SNP rs4819554 in the interleukin 17 receptor A (IL17RA) gene was associated with a decreased risk of autoimmune T1D (OR, 0.458; 95% CI, 0.246–0.852; p = 0.014) after adjusting for other confounders. The IL17RA rs4819554 GG genotype was negatively correlated with serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody appearance (p < 0.05). Conclusions Increased serum IL‐17A, but not IL‐17F, is a risk factor for autoimmune T1D. The GG genotype of IL17RA rs4819554 might decrease the risk for autoimmune T1D.

SUMMARYThe concomitant occurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to parathyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is not common. The co-occurrence of parathyroid tumors and thyroid diseases can lead to misdiagnosis owing to mutual interference of imaging in the early period of disease. The most commonly used imaging techniques for the preoperative localization of parathyroid and thyroid adenomas are technetium-99m sestamibi ( 99m Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy and ultrasonography of the neck. Recently, 99m Tc-MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography associated with computed tomography scintigraphy (SPECT/CT) has been used to detect PHPT, and its diagnostic value is being evaluated. Herein, we report a patient with an unusual co-occurrence of parathyroid adenoma and multiple thyroid diseases, including papillary thyroid carcinoma, thyroid adenoma and lymphocytic thyroiditis, which were localized with 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT and confirmed surgically. We suggest that 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT can play an important role in the diagnosis of parathyroid and thyroid lesions. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(3):265-9