Postoperative subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab is associated with improved trabeculectomy bleb survival in the rabbit model. Bevacizumab may be a useful agent for improving success and limiting scar tissue formation after trabeculectomy.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in bacterial conjunctivitis. Conjunctival bacterial isolates demonstrated high levels of resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and TMP/SMZ. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin appear to be currently the best choice for empirical broad-spectrum coverage. Vancomycin is the best antibiotic for MRSA coverage.

Objectives Vitreoschisis is a possible pathogenic mechanism in macular diseases. Thus, the vitreoretinal interface was evaluated in monkey eyes and patients with various macular diseases in search of vitreoschisis. It is hypothesised that vitreoschisis is present in macular holes (MH) and macular pucker (MP), but not in other maculopathies. Methods Histopathology was studied in 14 monkey eyes and a vitrectomy specimen of a patient with macular pucker. Optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (OCT/SLO) was performed in 239 eyes: 45 MH, 45 MP, 51 dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), 53 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 45 controls. Results Immunohistochemistry demonstrated lamellae in the posterior vitreous cortex of 12/14 (86%) monkey eyes. With OCT/SLO, vitreoschisis was detected in 24/45 (53%) MH and 19/45 (42%) MP eyes, but in only 7/53 (13%) NPDR, 3/51 (6%) AMD and 3/45 (7%) control eyes (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Rejoining of the inner and outer walls of the split posterior vitreous cortex was visible in 16/45 (36%) MH eyes and 15/45 (33%) MP eyes. Histopathology of the MP specimen confirmed a split with rejoining in the posterior vitreous cortex. Conclusions Vitreoschisis was detected in half of eyes with MH and MP, but much less frequently in controls, AMD and NPDR patients. These findings suggest that anomalous PVD with vitreoschisis may be pathogenic in MH and MP.

Retinal photoreceptors are susceptible to mitochondrial oxidative stress/mtDNA damage in robust TLR4-mediated innate immune response.