Removal of antibiotics detected in wastewater or natural aquatic systems by regular municipal treatment is challenging. Photocatalysis is considered to be the most well-known and green strategy for such removal. However, the catalytic efficiency is restricted by UV radiation dependence, fast electron-hole recombination, and low porosity/surface area of the photocatalyst. In this study, we have developed a highly porous anatase TiO 2 -polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) aerogel with nonmetal carbon dopant, which can simultaneously enhance the adsorption ability and visible light photo-activity. And tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) was selected as a model antibiotic. A high surface area (747 g cm -3 ) C-TiO 2 -PMSQ aerogel can remove 91% TCH within 180 min under visible light. But the removal needs to be in an isopropyl alcohol/water co-solvent, due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity of PMSQ. After a heat treatment under 400°C, the surface area of C-TiO 2 -PMSQ aerogel decreases to 618 g cm -3 , and the sample loses its hydrophobicity, the removal of TCH can be in aqueous condition and the efficiency increases to 98%. Moreover, both catalysts can be recycled 7 times and still maintain high removal efficiency (85 and 64% remained for hydrophobic and hydrophilic gels, respectively).

BackgroundReduction malarplasty is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the Asian population for aesthetic purposes. Although multiple methods have been developed for reduction malarplasty, including a variety of infracture techniques, most of the current procedures have limitations. In the current study we created a new infracture method to circumvent these shortcomings.Material/MethodsBetween January 2004 and October 2013, we applied this novel infracture technique in 700 patients. The highest area of the zygomatic body was marked pre-operatively and ground intra-operatively through an intraoral incision. An L-shaped incomplete osteotomy of the zygomatic body was performed with a reciprocating saw, and then a complete perpendicular osteotomy (1 cm anterior to the articular tubercle of the zygomatic arch) was made through a pre-auricular incision. Light pressure on the posterior part of the arch produced a greenstick fracture of the anterior osteotomy site, resulting in posterior-inward repositioning of the malar complex. Internal fixation was not required.ResultsSatisfactory aesthetic results and good post-operative stability were achieved. Three months post-operatively, the bone around the zygomatic arc osteotomy line was remodeled. The bone posterior to the articular tubercle of the zygomatic arch was partially absorbed, leading to a depression of the root of the arc and a natural transition on both sides of the osteotomy line, making the midface more slender. Instead, the anterior bone presented with new bones, making the malar complex more stable.ConclusionsThis new method has multiple advantages, including simple manipulation, no need for internal fixation, short operative and recovery times, and few complications. X-ray images showing the bony changes demonstrated that the infracture technique is an effective and ideal method for reduction malarplasty.

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