The tissue location of Vibrio anguillarum bacterin in rainbow trout was studied using three delivery methods : intraperitoneal (IP) injection, immersion and per os. The fate of the bacterin was determined using histologically sectioned trout stained with anti-V. anguillarum (strain LS-174) fluorescein-labeled, purified, rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). The bacterin administered IP was accumulated by macrophages and observed in the kidney and spleen 28 d after injection. Bacterin delivered by immersion was observed on the surface of the gills, and in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Vaccine administered by the oral route was not detected systemically in test fish; the only accumulations found were in the lamina epithelialis of the lower intestine. Immunity developed with bacterins administered either by IP injection or immersion was considered to be systemic, because after vaccination, antigen was observed in a variety of internal fish tissues. Oral immunization apparently caused induction of a mucosal response because no antigen was observed in organs other than the intestine.

During a one year period, 355 net pen cultured yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and amber jack (Seriola dumerili) mortalities were examined for bacterial infections. A comparison of detec tion of pathogenic bacteria by direct fluorescent antibody bechnique (FAT) and media culture was performed.Fluorescein labeled rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG : Fl) was prepared against Streptococcus sp., Pasteurella piscicida, Nocardia kampachi and Vibrio anguillarum . Heat fixed smears of kidney from each mortality were stained with each one of the IgG: Fl preparations and examined using fluorescent microscopy.In addition, kidney samples were inoculated on brain heart infusion agar and Ogawa media. From the 355 mortalities, FAT detected 485 infections as compared to 347 by culture. The respective numbers of fish that bacteria were detected by method were (bacteria, by FAT, by culture):

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) or waterborne infected with Vibrio anguillarum, strain LS-174. Every three hours for 48 h, three fish were sampled and fixed for histological examination. The progression of the infection and the fate of the invading pathogen was determined by staining sections with anti V. anguillarum fluorescein-labeled rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). The tissue location of the pathogen in IP and waterborne infected fish was similar. In both cases the bacterium was initially sequestered in the spleen. Increase in the numbers of the bacterium occurred in the spleen followed by proliferation into the kidney. Death resulted from bacteremia with most tissues of the fish septic. Extensive necrosis of kidney, spleen, posterior intestine and liver was observed. The gills were congested with microorganisms and the epithelial cells destroyed. Extracellular bacterial antigen was observed in the musculature, kidney, liver, intestine and spleen. No phagocytosis by macrophages was observed.

Anti-sera raised against HSV-2-infected cells (WI) and the sera of animals bearing tumours (TBS) to HSV-2 transformed cells contain antibodies to a set of tumour-specific cell-coded polypeptides. The specificity of these polypeptides for tumour cells is monitored by the ability of [35S]-L-methionine labelled proteins to be immunoprecipitated by these anti-sera, in contrast to control cells from which the polypeptides are not precipitated. The polypeptides which share an epitope and are co-precipitated are of MWs 90,000 (a doublet), 40,000 and 32,000. The upper 90,000-MW polypeptide (U90) is induced by HSV-2 infection. This communication deals with the 40,000-MW polypeptide which was shown to be immunoprecipitated by TBS and a monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised to the DNA-binding proteins of HSV-2-infected cells. Immunological and biochemical studies reveal that the 40,000-MW protein which is immunoprecipitated comprises more than one polypeptide, and that the proteins may need to interact to produce the peptide pattern specific for the tumour form of the immunoprecipitated 40,000-MW protein. WI antisera and TBS both recognise antigens specific for tumour cells in sections of cervical-carcinoma tissue. Sera from patients with cancer of the cervix contain antibodies to a cell-coded polypeptide of MW 40,000, which by peptide analysis is indistinguishable from the 40,000-MW polypeptide induced by HSV-2 infection and immunoprecipitated by WI and TBS.