Democracy is the most widely accepted political paradigm in the world today. Nevertheless, for many African independent governments, democratization and its problems have long been formidable. Despite being seen as a bad start, liberation provided many African governments with the potential to transition from colonization to democratic predominance. Unfortunately, post-independence efforts have been mainly ineffective. Given the current aspirations of many African countries, some claim that democratization is the antithesis to political goal on the continent. Suffice to say that this battle underpins the difficulties of African democratization. In this view, the paper explores the waves of democratization in Africa and its renewed call. The paper concludes that despite all the renewed calls, a huge obstacle faces the continent in its democratization process.

This article seeks to give a critical analysis on the ongoing migration discourse both from an academic and policy perspective. It provides a perspective of Africa's long history of hosting migrants and refuges including Europeans. It therefore addresses the question as to whether African states have lived up to their refugee and migration protection commitment. By doing so, it also criticizes Europe's unfair, aggressive, and inhumanly migration policy towards migrants, asylum seekers, and refugee, particularly Africans. By analyzing existing data on migration, this article debunks the notion that a migration crisis is by nature an African one as if Africans are the only ones entering Europe. This scapegoating of Africans by portraying the continent at disarray will be examined closely. In that light, the article employs an Africanist line of thinking to deconstruct this narrative. This includes referenced interviews offering perspectives on this subject matter. The key question asked is as to what extent the EU should be accountable for human rights' violation in third countries? The focus is on European Externalization of its borders to third countries in particular North Africa. It takes as an example the 2022 Melilla massacre described by western authorities as a 'stampede' in which migrants and refugees were killed while trying to enter Spain. This massacre took place at the borders between Morocco and Spain.

Contemporary democratization processes and regime changes in Africa warrant a closer examination. Why is the focus on Africa? Despite a positive trend in democratic progress in the African continent, however, recent democratic backsliding and coups and counter coups have taken center stage in African politics. This is not to say that democracy around the world has not weakened; it is the case for all continents, not just Africa. While there has been contributions to the discourse on the factors of regime change in Africa, however, there is a gap when it comes to the political "stagnation" and/or democratic "backsliding". What factors may trigger democratic backsliding and stalled transitions in contemporary African politics? Some of the key factors highlighted in the article are: elites, military coups, protest democracy, external influence through so-called "liberalization projects". This article looked at wide range of contemporary case studies across the African continent. It goes further to explain the causes as well the consequences of democratic backsliding and failed political transitions/ stagnations that are undermining the continent's democratic pathways. This article first provides an extensive overview of contemporary regime changes in Africa and then delves into the depths of one specific example as a successful transition: The Gambia.

This article seeks to give a critical analysis on the ongoing migration discourse both from an academic and policy perspective. It provides a perspective of Africa’s long history of hosting migrants and refuges including Europeans. It therefore addresses the question as to whether African states have lived up to their refugee and migration protection commitment. By doing so, it also criticizes Europe’s unfair, aggressive, and inhumanly migration policy towards migrants, asylum seekers, and refugee, particularly Africans.  By analyzing existing data on migration, this article debunks the notion that a migration crisis is by nature an African one as if Africans are the only ones entering Europe. This scapegoating of Africans by portraying the continent at disarray will be examined closely. In that light, the article employs an Africanist line of thinking to deconstruct this narrative. This includes referenced interviews offering perspectives on this subject matter. The key question asked is as to what extent the EU should be accountable for human rights’ violation in third countries? The focus is on European Externalization of its borders to third countries in particular North Africa. It takes as an example the 2022 Melilla massacre described by western authorities as a ‘stampede’ in which migrants and refugees were killed while trying to enter Spain. This massacre took place at the borders between Morocco and Spain.