These collisions and agglomerations have also been subjected to mathematical modelling. Nevertheless, the Industrial data were analysed to shed some light on development of process models and their optimisation with the formation and growth of non-metallic inclusions regard to inclusion engineering necessitate a deeper underduring the ladle treatment of a particular grade of standing of the behaviours of inclusions during the entire tool steel, Orvar Supreme (Fe-0•39C-1•0Si-0•4Mncourse of the process. Indeed, the results of laboratory studies 5•2Cr-1•0Mo-0•9V). Seven types of inclusions were cannot be incorporated into a process model unless the detected in samples taken along the processing mechanisms of formation, growth, and separation of inclusions evolution of the steel. The types of inclusions in a steelmaking process are well understood. Moreover, present were found to vary with the various stages any meaningful modelling approach should also consider of that evolution. While additions of aluminium to the operation of these mechanisms under realistic industrial the steel bath were found to affect the composition conditions. of the inclusions, only a small number of pureThe present work is a preliminary study within a long alumina inclusions, agglomerated as clusters, were term project to design a comprehensive process model of ladle observed during the initial stages of deoxidation.treatment. It aims to understand the behaviours of inclusions Ladle glaze was found to be the major source of the along the history of the ladle process at Uddeholm Tooling inclusions. Most of those left in the steel before AB in Hagfors, Sweden. Industrial data are analysed from tapping were found to be of very small size and to a thermodynamic point of view. To discuss the results, the contain high concentrations of Al 2 O 3 and CaO and inclusions are classi ed into several types with respect to relatively minor ones of MgO and FeO.I&S/1671 size, chemistry, and morphology.

Stress and doping uniformity of laser crystallized amorphous silicon in thin film silicon solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054312 (2010); 10.1063/1.3319654 Ultrathin amorphization of single-crystal silicon by ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse irradiation J. Appl. Phys. 105, 064909 (2009); 10.1063/1.3087754High-resolution observations of an amorphous layer and subsurface damage formed by femtosecond laser irradiation of silicon

No abstract